Body fluids exam

Question 1

What is an amnion?

Answer 1

Membranous sac that surrounds the fetus

Question 2

What are some reasons for amniotic fluid?

Answer 2

Provides protective cushion for fetus, allows fetal movement, stabilizes fetal temperature exposure

Question 3

During the first trimester, approximately ___mL of amniotic fluid is derived primarily from the maternal circulation.

Answer 3

35

Question 4

Increased amniotic fluid peaks at ____ to _____ mL in the third trimester is a result of what?

Answer 4

800 to 1200 and fetal urine

Question 5

Excess amniotic fluid from fails of fetus to swallow >1200 mL is called what?

Answer 5

Polyhydraminos

Question 6

Decreased amniotic fluid from increased fetal swallowing, membrane leakage <800 mL is called?

Answer 6

Obligohydramnios

Question 7

What are sloughed fetal cells used for?

Answer 7

Cytogenetic analysis

Question 8

Fetal age can be estimated by?

Answer 8

Creatinine

Question 9

<36 weeks creatinine should be?

Answer 9

1.5 - 2.0 mg/dL

Question 10

> 36 weeks creatinine should be?

Answer 10

> 2.0

Question 11

Deliver fetal lung maturity tests on?

Answer 11

Ice

Question 12

Cyogenetic specimens should be kept at?

Answer 12

Room temp or 37 degrees celsius to prolong cell life

Question 13

What is Kleihauer-Betke used for?

Answer 13

Fetal versus maternal blood

Question 14

What is meconium?

Answer 14

First bowel movement

Question 15

Blood streaked amniotic fluid could mean?

Answer 15

Traumatic tap, abdominal trauma, intra-amniotic hemorrhage

Question 16

Yellow amniotic fluid means?

Answer 16

HDN

Question 17

Dark red brown amniotic fluid means?

Answer 17

Fetal death

Question 18

HDN most common in __ mothers

Answer 18

Rh

Question 19

What is a liley graph?

Answer 19

Test for fetal distress

Question 20

Zone I of liley graph?

Answer 20

Mildly affected fetus

Question 21

Zone II of liley graph?

Answer 21

Requires careful monitoring

Question 22

Zone III of liley graph?

Answer 22

Severely affected fetus, may require induction of labor or IU exchange transfusion

Question 23

What is the most common complication of early delivery?

Answer 23

Respiratory distress syndrome

Question 24

What happens in fetal lung maturity RDS?

Answer 24

Lack of lung sufactant, which keeps the alveoli open during inhaling and exhaling

Question 25

L/S ratio is ___ prior to week 35.

Answer 25

1.6

Question 26

L/S rises to ___ or greater for alveolar stability after week 35.

Answer 26

2

Question 27

Preterm delivery is considered safe with an L/S ratio of ___ or higher.

Answer 27

2

Question 28

What is L/S

Answer 28

Lecithin/Sphingomyelin

Question 29

What are lamellar bodies

Answer 29

Storage form of surfactant

Question 30

Increase of amniotic concentration from ______ to _______ mL by the end of the third trimester.

Answer 30

50,000 to 200,000

Question 31

What are advantages of lamellar body count?

Answer 31

Rapid turnaround time, low reagent cost, wide availability, low amniotic fluid volume needed

Question 32

____ to ____ g of feces is excreted in 24 hour period.

Answer 32

100 - 200

Question 33

The ______ ________ is the primary source for the final breakdown and reabsorption of proteins, carbs, and fats.

Answer 33

small intestine

Question 34

Excess water >3000 mL reaching large intestine is what?

Answer 34

Diarrhea

Question 35

What is the definition of diarrhea?

Answer 35

> 200 g stool weight per day with increased liquid and more than 3 movements a day

Question 36

Four factors of diarrhea

Answer 36

Illness duration, mechanism, severity, stool characteristics

Question 37

Mechanisms of diarrhea?

Answer 37

Secretory, osmotic, and altered motility

Question 38

What is osmotic diarrhea

Answer 38

Poor absorption that exerts osmotic pressure across the intestinal mucosa

Question 39

What is maldigestion?

Answer 39

Impaired digestion of food

Question 40

What is malnutrition?

Answer 40

Impaired reabsorption