Body fluids exam Flashcards
What is an amnion?
Membranous sac that surrounds the fetus
What are some reasons for amniotic fluid?
Provides protective cushion for fetus, allows fetal movement, stabilizes fetal temperature exposure
During the first trimester, approximately ___mL of amniotic fluid is derived primarily from the maternal circulation.
35
Increased amniotic fluid peaks at ____ to _____ mL in the third trimester is a result of what?
800 to 1200 and fetal urine
Excess amniotic fluid from fails of fetus to swallow >1200 mL is called what?
Polyhydraminos
Decreased amniotic fluid from increased fetal swallowing, membrane leakage <800 mL is called?
Obligohydramnios
What are sloughed fetal cells used for?
Cytogenetic analysis
Fetal age can be estimated by?
Creatinine
<36 weeks creatinine should be?
1.5 - 2.0 mg/dL
> 36 weeks creatinine should be?
> 2.0
Deliver fetal lung maturity tests on?
Ice
Cyogenetic specimens should be kept at?
Room temp or 37 degrees celsius to prolong cell life
What is Kleihauer-Betke used for?
Fetal versus maternal blood
What is meconium?
First bowel movement
Blood streaked amniotic fluid could mean?
Traumatic tap, abdominal trauma, intra-amniotic hemorrhage
Yellow amniotic fluid means?
HDN
Dark red brown amniotic fluid means?
Fetal death
HDN most common in __ mothers
Rh
What is a liley graph?
Test for fetal distress
Zone I of liley graph?
Mildly affected fetus
Zone II of liley graph?
Requires careful monitoring
Zone III of liley graph?
Severely affected fetus, may require induction of labor or IU exchange transfusion
What is the most common complication of early delivery?
Respiratory distress syndrome
What happens in fetal lung maturity RDS?
Lack of lung sufactant, which keeps the alveoli open during inhaling and exhaling
L/S ratio is ___ prior to week 35.
1.6
L/S rises to ___ or greater for alveolar stability after week 35.
2
Preterm delivery is considered safe with an L/S ratio of ___ or higher.
2
What is L/S
Lecithin/Sphingomyelin
What are lamellar bodies
Storage form of surfactant
Increase of amniotic concentration from ______ to _______ mL by the end of the third trimester.
50,000 to 200,000
What are advantages of lamellar body count?
Rapid turnaround time, low reagent cost, wide availability, low amniotic fluid volume needed
____ to ____ g of feces is excreted in 24 hour period.
100 - 200
The ______ ________ is the primary source for the final breakdown and reabsorption of proteins, carbs, and fats.
small intestine
Excess water >3000 mL reaching large intestine is what?
Diarrhea
What is the definition of diarrhea?
> 200 g stool weight per day with increased liquid and more than 3 movements a day
Four factors of diarrhea
Illness duration, mechanism, severity, stool characteristics
Mechanisms of diarrhea?
Secretory, osmotic, and altered motility
What is osmotic diarrhea
Poor absorption that exerts osmotic pressure across the intestinal mucosa
What is maldigestion?
Impaired digestion of food
What is malnutrition?
Impaired reabsorption
