Body Fluids and Urinalysis Flashcards
what is a hemocytometer
tool for manual cell counting
which machine should be used for a body fluid differential cell count
cytospin preparations (cytocentrifuge)
how is serous fluid produced
produced by plasma filtration through capillary endothelial cells
body cavities, such as the abdominal cavity, are lined with what
mesothelial cells
define pericardiocentesis
removal of excess pericardial fluid
define thoracentesis
removal of excess pleural fluid
define paracentesis
removal of excess abdominal fluid
what is ascites
accumulation of fluid in abdomen due to things like liver disease and metastatic cancer
define effusion
abnormal amount of fluid in a body cavity
transudate accumulates due to what
systemic disease
exudate accumulates due to what
primary pathological state
degenerated neutrophils get mistaken for what
yeast or nucleated RBCs
stain precipitate gets mistaken for what
bacteria
what are some features of malignant cells
ball-like, layered
indian file arragment
CSF goes for which 3 testings
hematology x 2
chemical analysis
micro
how fast should CSF be processed and why
within 1 hour of collection to prevent cellular degradation and lysis
define xanthochromia
yellow/pink/orange CSF due to RBC breakdown or increase bilirubin
what could cause orange CSF
too much vitamin A
what could cause brown CSF
meningeal metastatic melanoma
which stain is most useful in identifying acute bacterial meningitis
gram stain
which stain is most useful in identifying TB
acid fast stain
which stain is most useful in identifying cryptococcus
india ink prep
define arthrocentesis
removal of excess synovial fluid
what are the four tubes drawn for synovial fluid processing
1.) plain tube
2.) sterile, heparinized tube
3.) sodium heparin-anti coagulated tube
4.) EDTA tube
what could in increase of protein in synovial fluid indicate
gout or inflammatory joint disease
what is a LE cell
neutrophil containing phagocytized homogenous nucleus
when would you see a LE cell
patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and RA
what is a Reiter cell
macrophage that has phagocytized one or more neutrophils
what are the four cell types found in synovial fluid
neutrophils
lymphocytes
monocytes
synovial cells
where are cholesterol crystal found
chronically inflamed joints
what are monosodium urate (MSU) crystals
gout crystals
intracellular monosodium urate crystals are characteristic of what
acute urate gout
what is found in pseudo gout
calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate
triple phosphate crystals (coffin lid shape) are made of and associated with what
made of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate and are associate with increase urine pH
what should you do with a urine sample after taking
refrigerate and preserve with HCL, boric acid, and acidic acid
what causes the normal color of urine
urobilin (breakdown of heme during destruction of aging blood cells)
what is the normal pH of urine
7
what do squamous cells in the urine mean
no clinical significance
what do transitional cells in the urine mean
infection
