Body Fluids and Urinalysis

Question 1

what is a hemocytometer

Answer 1

tool for manual cell counting

Question 1

which machine should be used for a body fluid differential cell count

Answer 1

cytospin preparations (cytocentrifuge)

Question 2

how is serous fluid produced

Answer 2

produced by plasma filtration through capillary endothelial cells

Question 3

body cavities, such as the abdominal cavity, are lined with what

Answer 3

mesothelial cells

Question 4

define pericardiocentesis

Answer 4

removal of excess pericardial fluid

Question 5

define thoracentesis

Answer 5

removal of excess pleural fluid

Question 6

define paracentesis

Answer 6

removal of excess abdominal fluid

Question 7

what is ascites

Answer 7

accumulation of fluid in abdomen due to things like liver disease and metastatic cancer

Question 8

define effusion

Answer 8

abnormal amount of fluid in a body cavity

Question 9

transudate accumulates due to what

Answer 9

systemic disease

Question 10

exudate accumulates due to what

Answer 10

primary pathological state

Question 11

degenerated neutrophils get mistaken for what

Answer 11

yeast or nucleated RBCs

Question 12

stain precipitate gets mistaken for what

Answer 12

bacteria

Question 13

what are some features of malignant cells

Answer 13

ball-like, layered
indian file arragment

Question 14

CSF goes for which 3 testings

Answer 14

hematology x 2
chemical analysis
micro

Question 15

how fast should CSF be processed and why

Answer 15

within 1 hour of collection to prevent cellular degradation and lysis

Question 16

define xanthochromia

Answer 16

yellow/pink/orange CSF due to RBC breakdown or increase bilirubin

Question 17

what could cause orange CSF

Answer 17

too much vitamin A

Question 18

what could cause brown CSF

Answer 18

meningeal metastatic melanoma

Question 19

which stain is most useful in identifying acute bacterial meningitis

Answer 19

gram stain

Question 20

which stain is most useful in identifying TB

Answer 20

acid fast stain

Question 21

which stain is most useful in identifying cryptococcus

Answer 21

india ink prep

Question 22

define arthrocentesis

Answer 22

removal of excess synovial fluid

Question 23

what are the four tubes drawn for synovial fluid processing

Answer 23

1.) plain tube
2.) sterile, heparinized tube
3.) sodium heparin-anti coagulated tube
4.) EDTA tube

Question 24

what could in increase of protein in synovial fluid indicate

Answer 24

gout or inflammatory joint disease

Question 25

what is a LE cell

Answer 25

neutrophil containing phagocytized homogenous nucleus

Question 26

when would you see a LE cell

Answer 26

patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and RA

Question 27

what is a Reiter cell

Answer 27

macrophage that has phagocytized one or more neutrophils

Question 28

what are the four cell types found in synovial fluid

Answer 28

neutrophils
lymphocytes
monocytes
synovial cells

Question 29

where are cholesterol crystal found

Answer 29

chronically inflamed joints

Question 30

what are monosodium urate (MSU) crystals

Answer 30

gout crystals

Question 31

intracellular monosodium urate crystals are characteristic of what

Answer 31

acute urate gout

Question 32

what is found in pseudo gout

Answer 32

calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate

Question 33

triple phosphate crystals (coffin lid shape) are made of and associated with what

Answer 33

made of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate and are associate with increase urine pH

Question 34

what should you do with a urine sample after taking

Answer 34

refrigerate and preserve with HCL, boric acid, and acidic acid

Question 35

what causes the normal color of urine

Answer 35

urobilin (breakdown of heme during destruction of aging blood cells)

Question 36

what is the normal pH of urine

Answer 36

7

Question 37

what do squamous cells in the urine mean

Answer 37

no clinical significance

Question 38

what do transitional cells in the urine mean

Answer 38

infection