Body Fluids And Circulation- Double Circulation

Question 1

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 1

RA to Lungs to LA

Question 2

Systemic circulation

Answer 2

LV to body to RA

Question 3

Portal system ≠

Answer 3

Renal portal system
Hepatic
Hypophyseal
Coronary

Question 4

Renal

Answer 4

Kidney
When glomerular filtration is absent
Reduced in reptiles and Bird, absent in mammal, lampreys, hagfish

Question 5

Hypophyseal

Answer 5

From hypothalamus to anterior lobe of Pituitary gland

Question 6

Hepatic

Answer 6

Liver and digestive track
Liver 2 blood supply
1: O2 feom hepatic artery
2: CO2 from hepatic portal vein but with nutrition

Question 7

Coats or Tunics +

Answer 7

Tunica externa: fibrous, collagen
Tunica media: smooth, elastic
Tunica intima/ interna: 1 ellastic (yello fibers), thicker in artery
2 endothelium, flattened squamous lining the lumen, elongated in artery

Question 8

Nodal tissue

Answer 8

Heart is autoregulated by specialised muscle

Question 9

Nervous control

Answer 9

Medulla oblongata

Sympathetic and parasympathetic cause depolarisation of sa node

Question 10

. sympathetic and parasympathetic

Answer 10

Symp, noradrenaline accelerates heartbeat,

Para, acetylecholine

Question 11

Angina Pectoris

Answer 11

Chest pain, o2 less

Question 12

Coronary artery disease

Answer 12

Atherosclerosis
Deposition of calcium, fat, cholesterol
It makes lumen of artery narrow

Question 13

ECG:

PQ or PR

Answer 13

Spreading of impulse in atria
Rehumatic fever, arteriosclerosis
0.16 s
Enlarges if heart attack

Question 14

ST ECG

Answer 14

Impulse and repolarization time

Inc in heart attack, depressed in low o2

Question 15

T ECG

Answer 15

Flat in AP

Question 16

Pulse rate

Answer 16

0.8s

Same as heart rate

Question 17

Frank starling law

Marry law

Answer 17

1: more streach, more output

Heart rate indirectly to systemic blood pressure

Question 18

Cardiomegaly

Answer 18

Enlargement of heart

Question 19

Varicose vien

Answer 19

Accumulation of blood in leg

Question 20

Pernicious anemia

Answer 20

Vit B12

Question 21

Tachycardia
Bradycardia
Arrythmia

Answer 21

Hi heartbeat
Low
Irregular

Question 22

Coronary thrombosus

Answer 22

Clot in coronary artery

Question 23

Heart block

Answer 23

Impulse not passed

Question 24

Ischaemia

Answer 24

iskeemia

Inadequate blood flow

Question 25

Aneurysm

Answer 25

Weak wall of blood vessel

Question 26

CAD

Answer 26

HDL
Good lipoprotein
40 to 45 protien
5 to 10 triglycerides
30 phospholipid
20 cholesterol
Decrease risk

LDL
25 protien
50 cholesterol
Bad
Inc risk