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BIOLOGY CLASS 11 > BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION > Flashcards

BODY FLUIDS AND CIRCULATION Flashcards

1
Q

Plasma

A

straw colored viscous fluid forming matrix of the blood

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2
Q

matrix

A

ground substance
non living substance occupying space between the cells

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3
Q

% OF H2O in plasma

A

90 - 92

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4
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Produced by liver
important clotting factor

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5
Q

Globulins types

A

alpha beta gamma

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6
Q

use of gamma

A

immune response

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7
Q

use of alpha and beta

A

transport of fat soluble vitamins

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8
Q

Albumins

A

maintain osmotic balance
- maintains the blood volume & pressure

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9
Q

Minerals in plasma

A

Na, Ca, Mg, HCO3, Cl

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10
Q

Plasma without clotting proteins

A

serum

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11
Q

Most abundant cell type

A

RBCs

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12
Q

No. of RBCs

A

5 -5.5 million

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13
Q

Shape of RBCs in humans and camels and llama

A

in humans - biconcave
in camel and llama - oval

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14
Q

why does rbc lack nucleus and other cell organlles

A

more room for O2 binding protein - haemoglobin
in the absence of mitochondria it is able to respire anaerobically and not use any of the oxygen

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15
Q

RBC wrt to CO2 transport

A

CARBONIC ANHYDRASE

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16
Q

HW MUCH HAEMOGLOBIN PRESENT IN 100ML OF BLOOD

A

12 -16

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17
Q

FRMN OF RBCs

A

erythropoiesis

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18
Q

where does erythropoiesis occur

A

in bone marrow in adults
in yolk sac in embryo

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19
Q

Life span of RBCs

A

4 months

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20
Q

FRMN OF BLOOD

A

Haemopoiesis

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21
Q

Haemoglobin wrt to oxygen and co2 transport

A

transport o2 as oxyhaemoglobin
transport co2 as carbaminohaemoglobin

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22
Q

no of wbcs

A

6000 - 8000mm3

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23
Q

shape of wbc

24
Q

movement through the walls

A

diapedesis

25
types of wbc
granular(eosino, baso, neutro) and agranular ( lympho, mono)
26
% of lympho
20 - 25
27
lympho describe
small cells, round nuclei, little cytoplasm - for the immune responses -two types - b and t lymphocytes
28
monocytes
largest, amoeboid shape, kidney or horse shoe shaped nuclei, they enter as macrophages (phagocytic in nature)
29
eosino $
2-3
30
describe eosino
- bilobed - has granules which contain hydrolytic enzymes and peroxidases, - they have antihistamine property -resist infection increases during ALLERGIC RKNS - disslove blood clots - similar to lysosomes (ACIDIC)
31
basophiles
(BASIC) trilobed secrete histamine serotonin heparin - acts like MAST CELLS of connective tissue
32
Neutrophils % basophils %
-> 60 - 65% -> 0.5 - 1%
33
Neutrophils expln
phagocytic engulf and digest bacteria
34
frmn of wbc called as
called as leucopoeisis
35
where does it form
bone marrow but T lymphocytes MATURE at the thymus
36
rise of wbc is called
leucocytosis , occurs during infections
37
plateles number
1500k - 3000k mm3
38
shape
round or oval
39
nucleus
no nucleus
40
Formation
in bone marrow called megakaryocytes
41
lifespan and where are they destroyed
a week is the lifespan destroyed in spleen or liver
42
function of wbcs
blood clotting, results in the frmn of threads of fibrin
43
decrease in platelets
thrombocytopenia
44
disease due to thrombocytopenia
purpura
45
2 grps of blood grouping
-> ABO -> Rh
46
discovered by ?
karl landsteiner
47
landsteiner law
if an antigen is present in rbc then corresponding antibody will be absent
48
if antigen is A then antibody is
Anti B
49
what can happen due to RH incompatibility or when the RH + of foetus comes in contact with RH - of the mother
-Haemolyosis of rbcs of the foetus ( HDN DISEASE) - severe anemia and jaundice - Erythroblastsis foetails
50
platelets release coagulation promoting substances called
thromboplastins
51
thromboplatins help in frmn of
thrombokinase
52
the complex formed has series of rkns called
cascade process
53
thrombokinase (ca2+ help) helps to convert
prothrombin to thrombin
54
fibrinogen with the help of thrombin is converted to
fibrin
55
fibrin form threads
- clot / coagulam
56

BIOLOGY CLASS 11 (6 decks)

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