Body Fluids

Question 1

Extra cellular fluid

Answer 1

Consists of:
•interstitial fluid- fluid between cells
•intravascular fluid- fluid within the blood vessels
•transcellular- fluid around heart, eyes, lungs, CSF
- 1/3 of body fluid weight

Question 2

Body fluid percentages

Answer 2

Adults are made up of 60% fluid

• Adult females tend to have less water in body due to more adipose tissue
• Infants are 70-80% water weight

Question 3

Homeostasis is the goal

Answer 3

Balance of the fluids in compartments throughout the body

Question 4

Osmosis

Answer 4

Movement of water across a membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area higher of salute concentration

Question 5

Osmolarity level

Answer 5

280-300 mOs/I is normal in humans

-it is largely controlled by sodium

Question 6

Sodium level

Answer 6

135-145 mEq/L is normal

Question 7

Filtration

Answer 7

• Movement of water out and movement of water back in
• Happens at Capillary level
• osmotic pressure=filtration

Question 8

Ideal intake and output

Answer 8

It is ideal to match the output with the intake

Question 9

Thirsty?

Answer 9

• Thirst center is located in hypothalamus
• by the time you are thirsty you are already mildly dehydrated
• elderly do not recognize thirst sensation as easily

Question 10

Intercellular fluid

Answer 10

• 2/3 of body fluid weight

- fluid that lives within cells

Question 11

Antidiuretic hormone(ADH)

Answer 11

Released when osmolarity increases or blood volume decreases

• results in retention of water, decreased urine output
• released by posterior pituitary gland

Question 12

Aldosterone

Answer 12

Released with stress or poor perfusion of blood to kidneys

• results in retention of sodium(and water)
• decreased urine output
• released from adrenal glands

Question 13

Hypovolemia

Answer 13

• volume imbalance
• caused by excessive fluid loss(burns,diarrhea,sweating)
• may progress to hypovolemic shock if loss is rapid
• occurs in extra cellular space

Question 14

Dehydration

Answer 14

• is a osmolarity imbalance
• caused by excessive fluid loss,more water than solute lost
• body fluids are too concentrated(usually high NA levels)
• osmolarity elevated
• fever,diarrhea,vomiting

Question 15

A pint is a pound world round

Answer 15

If a patient gains a KG that is considered significant

Question 16

Hematocrit levels

Answer 16

Normal 35-50

Elevated: above 50

Question 17

BUN: Blood urea Nitrogen

Answer 17

Elevated:Anything greater than 25mg/mL

Question 18

Urine specific gravity

Answer 18

Elevated:Greater than 1.030

Question 19

Fluid volume excess

Answer 19

• extra cellular fluid excess

- hypervolemia, over hydration, fluid overload all=edema

Question 20

Heart failure patients

Answer 20

Retain fluid because the heart isn’t pumping very strong and not enough blood is getting to kidneys, causing kidneys to release aldosterone

Question 21

Kidney failure patients

Answer 21

Filtration rate is slow, kidneys aren’t making urine

Question 22

Who’s at risk for fluid overload

Answer 22

• heart failure patients
• kidney failure patients
• people who bring in excessive volume of sodium

Question 23

Signs and symptoms over fluid overload

Answer 23

• pulse is bounding
• BP and HR are increased
• Distended neck and veins
• weight gain

-lab results for both BUN and Hemotocrit will be low