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Basic Crime Scene Analysis > Body Fluids > Flashcards

Body Fluids Flashcards

1
Q

what is forensic biology/serology?

A

study of cells and serums

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2
Q

how are body fluids important to Crime Scene Investigations?

A

DNA
Forensic Toxicology

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3
Q

what is DNA?

A

personal blueprint carries a genetic code that individualizes each person, except identical twins

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4
Q

what is toxicology?

A

presence of drugs/alcohol in body fluids

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5
Q

where are these body fluid samples collected?

A

samples taken at DUI centers/hospitals and sent to lab
samples taken at autopsy and sent to lab directly, not to CSI

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6
Q

types of samples sent to lab directly

A

vitreous humor - the heartiest type of body fluid that can be found
blood-heart
urine
cerebral-spinal fluid

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7
Q

what equipment is used to collect samples?

A

use gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
GCMS

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8
Q

DNA types

A

DNA (nuclear DNA)
mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA)

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9
Q

where is DNA found?

A

found within the nucleus of cells; therefore any fluids/tissues that have cells with nuclei will have DNA information

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10
Q

who is DNA inherited from?

A

half from mom and half from dad

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11
Q

where is mtDNA found?

A

found in the mitochondria in nucleated cells and on-nucleated cells (hair, fingernails)

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12
Q

who is mtDNA inherited from?

A

maternally inherited
may be found in degraded samples, skeletal remains

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13
Q

The Northern Virginia Forensic Laboratory does not perform ? why?

A

mtDNA analysis on routine cases​

More expensive and extensive to test​
Goes to FBI Lab

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14
Q

What body fluids have DNA?

A

Semen / Seminal Fluid​
Vaginal Fluid​
Saliva​
Perspiration​
Urine​
Tears​
Body/fetal tissues​
Bones​
Hair

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15
Q

Saliva, perspiration, urine, tears, etc. – not found in liquid itself, found in ?

A

epithelial cells

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16
Q

where do you look for DNA?

A

Hats, caps​, Masks​, Gloves​, Socks​, Shoes​, Toothbrush, Weapons, Clothing​, Telephones​, Toilet bowl​, Sinks​, Fingernail scrapings​, Envelopes​
Think creatively!!

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17
Q

what is touch DNA?

A

A deposit of epithelial cells from “touching” an object to attempt to obtain a DNA profile

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18
Q

reminders when collecting DNA?

A

cross-contamination: not always a good sample bc it can be mixed from other contributors (ex: door knob)
PPE: remember to wear gloves and do not breathe onto evidence​

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19
Q

what does CODIS stand for?

A

Combined DNA Index System

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20
Q

what does CODIS contain?

A

FBI database containing DNA profiles of convicted felons

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21
Q

two types of indexes from CODIS

A

Forensic Index
Offender Index

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22
Q

what is Forensic Index?

A

profiles from crime scene evidence

23
Q

What is Offender Index?

A

profiles of convicted sex offenses and other violent crimes

24
Q

are all convicted offenders entered into the database?

A

No, every state has a different system for uploading these swabs into the system. Depends on state and crime. In state of VA, any felony crime will be uploaded to system and crime will be compared to it

25
Q

what 3 questions do we ask about blood?

A
  1. is it blood?
  2. is it human?
  3. Who’s is it?
26
Q

what is blood consisted of?

A

blood consists of plasma and cells (red blood cell, white blood cell, and platelets)

27
Q

what is the function of blood?

A

carries oxygen to cells via hemoglobin

28
Q

2 types of tests for blood

A

presumptive test
confirmatory test

29
Q

what is a presumptive test?

A

field test kits, sample of suspected blood is swabbed and tested with chemical

30
Q

what is used in the presumptive test?

A

MacPhails reagent​
Phenolphthalein- (Kastle-Meyer Reagent)​
Leucomalachite green​
Orthotolidine​
Hematrace- human blood

31
Q

when shouldn’t you do a presumptive test?

A

if you have a small sample

32
Q

where is the confirmatory test done?

A

done at lab

33
Q

what is the hematrace test?

A

will come back and say if it is human blood or not; it will say it is human blood if it is ferret blood

33
Q

UV/LS doesn’t ? is absorbs (darkens)

A

fluoresce

34
Q

types of chemicals used for locating blood

A

lumimol
fluorscein
blue star

35
Q

what is luminol?

A

chemiluminescent compound, extreme sensitivity, need complete darkness, can not overspray, false positives, need PPE, reacts with bleach

36
Q

what is fluorscein?

A

needs ALS, does not react to bleach, need PPE

37
Q

what is blue star?

A

has a stronger and longer-lasting luminescence that does not require total darkness to be visible, does not alter DNA, works well on fresh, old, diluted, or altered stains

38
Q

what is seminal fluid composed of?

A

95% fluid, 5% spermatozoa, 200 million sperm

39
Q

characteristics of seminal fluid

A

fluoresces under UV/ALS light
may be detected in victim body orifices for days; rape

40
Q

type of presumptive test

A

acid phosphatase test

41
Q

what does an acid phosphatase test do?

A

sample stain on swab or filter paper, turns blue/purple

42
Q

type of confirmatory test

A

prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

43
Q

What is prostate-specific antigen?

A

confirmatory test for semen

44
Q

other body fluids

A

saliva
urine
vaginal secretions

45
Q

where to look for saliva? urine? vaginal secretions?

A

Saliva: pillow, sink, sidewalk​

Urine: does not contain DNA, the epithelial cells do​

Vaginal: common and uncommon places look inside the victim’s

46
Q

parts of urine

A

Diluted _cell__ concentrations​

Large amount of __bacteria__

47
Q

types of DNA samples from suspects

A

Blood Samples- need nurse/doctor, purple-top tubes (EDTA), need to be refrigerated​

​Buccal_ Swab Samples​
>Two saturated buccal swabs​
>Pre-packaged kits available from the DFS Laboratory​

Hair Samples​

Clothing collection

48
Q

taken under ? or a ?

A

consent, search warrant

49
Q

VPERK

A

Victim Physical Evidence Recovery Kits

50
Q

DNA samples from victim

A

​

Blood Samples- need nurse/doctor, purple-top tubes (EDTA), need to be refrigerated​

Buccal Swab Samples​

Two saturated buccal swabs​

Pre-packaged kits available from the DFS Laboratory​

Vaginal/cervix/anal swabs/slides​

Hair Samples combs​

Clothing collection​

Fingernail scrapings/clippings​

Other Trace

51
Q

how are DNA samples collected from victim?

A

*usually taken under a consent
*Don’t forget to document physical injuries​
* Rapes - need samples from all consensual partners

52
Q
A

Basic Crime Scene Analysis (8 decks)

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