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Physiology Lecture > Body Fluids > Flashcards

Body Fluids Flashcards

1
Q

Intracellular fluids

A

25-30 L, in cytoplasm

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2
Q

extracellular fluid

A

15-20 L, blood and fluid outside of cell

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3
Q

componenets of ECF

A

plasma, interstitial fluid-fluid between cells, lymph, csf, eye fluids, synovial, serous, horone secretion

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4
Q

non-electrolyte

A

no charge, organic molecules, glucose, lipids, creatine, urea, covalently bonded

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5
Q

electrolytes

A

electrically charged, Na, K, Ca, Cl, inorganic acids bases, some proteins

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6
Q

measurement of electrolytes

A

milliequivalnets/liter=number of electrical charges

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7
Q

mEq/l

A

conc. of ion/atomic weight X electrical charges on one ion

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8
Q

extracellular fluids major cation

A

NA

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9
Q

extracellular fluid major anion

A

Cl

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10
Q

water intake

A

2.5 L per day, 60% from water, 30% from food, 10% from cells

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11
Q

water output

A

evaporation from lungs- 28%
prespiration-8%
feces-4%
urine- 60%

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12
Q

regulation of water

A

osomoreceptors, kidneys, body. temp, feces

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13
Q

what are salts in body fluids essential for?

A

neuromuscular excitability, secretin, membrane permeability, controlling fluid movement

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14
Q

how does salt exit the body

A

perspiration, feces, urine

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15
Q

role of sodium

A

90-95% in ECF
primary controller of ECF volume-osmosis

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16
Q

regulation of Na

A

PCT, loop of henle, DCT, collecting ducts, perspiration, ANP

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17
Q

PCT for Na

A

reabsorbs 65% of na in renal filtrate

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18
Q

loop of henle for Na

A

reclaims 25%, ascending

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19
Q

DCT and collecting ducts

A

reclaim remaining 10% only if aldosternone is present

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20
Q

ANP

A

promotes Na excretion dumped in urine, inhibts Na reabsorption, inhibits release of ADH, renin, aldosterone

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21
Q

regulation of potassium

A

kidneys, collecting ducts, aldosterone, adrenal cortex

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22
Q

potassium

A

major cation in cells

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23
Q

Role of K

A

membrane potential, electrical conduction in heart

24
Q

kidney for K

A

85% is reabsorbed by nephron
15% lost in urine

25
Q

collecting ducts for k

A

reabsorbed by type a intercalated cells

26
Q

aldosterone for K

A

increases K secretin in coritical collection ducts

27
Q

Calcium

A

99% of it is in the bones, needed for blood clotting, cell membrane permeability, muscle contraction, neurosecretion

28
Q

regulation of Ca

A

PTH- decrease
calcitonin- increase

29
Q

PTH

A

activates osteoclasts to break down and releas Ca in blood, increase intestinal absorption, increases reabsoprtionn in renal tubules

30
Q

calcitonin

A

released by thyroid gland when blood ca increases, encourages bone deposition of ca

31
Q

magnesium

A

2nd most abundant intracellular cation

32
Q

purpose of magnesium

A

carb and protein metabolism, cardiac function, neurotransmission, neuromuscular activity, cofactor for ATP

33
Q

where is Mg

A

50% is in bone

34
Q

Chloride

A

helps Na maintain osmotic pressure, 99% of filtered Cl reabsorbed passively, in DCT Na and CL transport is coupled

35
Q

Acid base balance

A

all biochemcial reactiona are influecned by the pH of body fluids

36
Q

arterial blood pH

A

7.4

37
Q

venous blood pH

A

7.35

38
Q

H concentration in blood is regualted by

A

chemical buffer systems, respiration, kidneys

39
Q

chemical buffer system

A

bicarbonate, phosphate, proteins

40
Q

acids

A

proton donors

41
Q

bases

A

proton acceptors

42
Q

increase of H

A

increase of acicity, decrease pH

43
Q

decrease of H

A

decrease of acidity, increase pH

44
Q

buffers

A

solutions of weak acids and bases that resit changes in pH

45
Q

bicarbonate

A

ECF buffer, ions are mopped up by HCO3 combining with H or H2CO3 splitting if H is low

46
Q

HCO3 concentration is regulated by

A

kidneys

47
Q

H2CO3 is regualted by

A

respiration

48
Q

phosphate

A

in urine and ICF

49
Q

increase of phosphate

A

H + HPO4 add

50
Q

decrease of phosphate

A

H2Po4 splits to give up phosphate

51
Q

proteins

A

most plentiful and powerful source o fbuffers in plasma and ICF

52
Q

amino acids

A

mop up H, COO
give up H, NH3

53
Q

respiratory regulation of Ph

A

physiological system, bicarbonate

54
Q

respiratory acidosis

A

acid-base imbalance, respiration is insufficent, blood CO2 rises, pH falls

55
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis

A

CO2 is elimiated faster than produced, respiration is too fast, pH rises

56
Q

metaboloc acidosis

A

low blood HCO3 levels, too much alcholhol, ph Low

57
Q

metabolic akalosis

A

less common , vomititng, blood HCO3 is high, pH is high

Physiology Lecture (10 decks)

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