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Renal Exam 1 > Body Fluid Compartments > Flashcards

Body Fluid Compartments Flashcards

1
Q
  • What percentage of our body weight is water?
A
  • 60%
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2
Q
  • What percentage of our body weight is ICF?
  • What percentage of body water is this?
A
  • 40%
  • 2/3 of body water
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3
Q
  • What percentage of body weight is ECF?
  • What fraction of water weight is this?
A
  • 20%
  • 1/3 total body water
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4
Q

_ is the only fluid that can be acted on directly to control its volume and composition

A

Plasma

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5
Q
  • What makes up the extracellular fluid?
A
  • Interstitial fluid (75% of ECF volume)
  • Plasma (25% of ECF volume)
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6
Q
  • Water added to the body fluids always enters the _ compartment first and fluid always leaves the body via the _. (Same thing)
A

ECF

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7
Q
  • What is third shift?
A
  • Too much fluid shifts from blood vessels into “nonfunctional” area of cells (fluid trapped between tissues and organs of the abdomen-ascites, interstitial area around lungs-pulmonary edema, often as a result of burns)
  • AKA Fluid being lost from the intravascular space
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8
Q
  • What are the main ionic components of the ECF?
  • What are the main ionic components of the ICF?
  • How is the unequal distribution of these ions maintained (primary ions)?
A
  • Na+
  • Cl- to a lesser extent
  • K+
  • PO43- to a lesser extent
  • Protein anions
  • Na+/K+ ATPase
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9
Q
  • What is the difference between osmolarity and osmolality?
A
  • Osmolarity-number of osmotically actie particles/L soln
  • Osmolality-number of osmotically active particles/ kg H20
  • Used interchangeably in physiology
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10
Q
  • What is a normal Na+ level?
  • What is a normal Cl- level?
  • What is a normal K+ level?
  • What is a normal HCO3-?
  • What is a normal Ca2+ level?
  • What is a normal Pi?
  • What is a normal anion gap?
  • What is a normal total number of serum proteins?
  • What is a normal albumin level?
  • What is a normal globulin level?
  • What is a normal creatinine?
  • What is a normal fasting glucose?
  • What is a normal BUN?
  • What is a normal serum osmolality?
A
  • 135-147
  • 95-105
  • 3.5-5.0
  • 22-28
  • 8.4-10.0
  • 3.0-4.5
  • 8-16
  • 6.0-7.8
  • 3.5-5.5
  • 2.3-3.5
  • 0.6-1.2
  • 70-110
  • 7-18
  • 285-295
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11
Q
  • Blood contains both _ fluid and _ fluid
A
  • Extracellular
  • Intracellular
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12
Q
  • ECF volume loss will result in an _ in total plasma protein
  • ECF volume gain will result in an _ in total plasma protein
A
  • Increase
  • Decrease
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13
Q
  • Volume loss in which cellular compartments will lead to an increased hematocrit
  • Volume gain in which cellular compartments will lead to a decreased hematocrit?
  • Volume loss in which cellular compartment will lead to a decreased hematocrit?
  • Volume gain in which cellular compartment will lead to an increased hematocrit?
A
  • ECF
  • ECF
  • ICF
  • ICF
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14
Q
  • What is an experimental method used to measure fluid compartments?
A
  • Indication-dilution method
  • Inject a small amount of dye into chamber that is able to disperse until concentrations are normal
  • M1V1=M2V2
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15
Q
  • What is the Gibbs-Donnan Effect?
  • What counteracts this effect?
A
  • Two things for Donnan effect
    • Protein particles create oncotic gradient favoring water movement into the cell
    • Negative charges on proteins create a electrochemical gradient favoring movement of (+) charges into the cell
    • Counteracted by Na+/K+ ATPase
      • Prevents cells from swelling and rupturing
        Prevents excessive inward movement of water
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16
Q
  • What are the two factors that make the free movement of fluid possible?
A
  • Water molecules diffuse through capillary walls faster than blood
  • Pressure difference between inside and outside of vessels (capillary filtration pressure)
17
Q

What is capillary hydrostatic pressure?

Does it favor filtration or reabsorption?

A
  • Blood pushing against walls of the capillaries
  • Filtration
18
Q

What is the plasma colloid osmotic pressure?

Does it favor filtration or reabsorption?

A
  • Force of albumin in the intravascular space that attracts water
  • Reabsorption
19
Q
  • When _ pressure exceeds _ pressure, filtration occurs
  • When _ pressure exceeds _ pressure, reabsorption occurs
A

Capillary hydrostatic, capillary oncotic

Capillary oncotic, capillary hydrostatic

20
Q
  • What interstitial pressures influence the movement of fluid?
  • Do they favor filtration or reabsorption?
A
  • Interstitial hydrostatic pressure and interstitial oncotic pressure
  • Interstitial hydrostatic-favors filtration
  • Interstitial oncotic pressure-favors reabsorption
21
Q
  • Define tonicity
  • What are the three types of solutions as they pertain to tonicity?
A
  • Effect the solution has on cell volume
  • Isotonic
    • Equal movement of water in and out of the cell
    • NaCl concentration equal to 0.85%
  • Hypertonic
    • Water moves out of cell, cell shrinks
    • NaCl concentration > 0.85%
  • Hypotonic
    • Water moves into the cell, cell swells and lyses
    • NaCl concentration <0.85%
22
Q
  • What are the two types of replacement therapy?
A
  • Crystalloids
    • Organic or inorganic salts dissolved in sterile water
  • Colloids
    • Large molecules that don’t pass thru semipermeable membranes
23
Q
  • When would it be appropriate to use DSW 5%
A
  • Fluid loss
  • Dehydration
  • Hypernatremia
24
Q
  • When would it be appropriate to use Normal saline?
A
  • Shock
  • Hyponatremia
  • Blood transfusions
  • Resuscitation
  • Fluid challenges
  • DKA
25
Q
  • When is it appropriate to use Lactated Ringer’s Solution?
A
  • Dehydration
  • Burns
  • Lower GI fluid loss
  • Acute Blood Loss
  • Hypovolemia d/t third spacing
26
Q
  • What are the two ways to calculate plasma osmolarity?
A

Hard way:

Osmolarity= (Sodium x 2) + Glucose/18 + BUN/2,8

Easier way:

Osmolarity= 2(plasma [Na+])

27
Q
  • Normally ECF body fluid volumes are regulated by changes in _
A

Na+

28
Q
  • What are the most common causes of fluid loss?
A
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Diuresis
  • Sweating
29
Q
  • What is the definition of hyponatremia?
  • What happens?
A
  • Loss of sodium is greater than the loss of water in ECF
  • Serum Na+ concentration in ICF is > than Na+ concentration of ECF
  • Water shifts from ECF to ICF to establish osmotic equilibrium
  • Serum sodium will be less than normal range
30
Q
  • What is hypernatremia/hypertonic dehydration?
  • What happens as a consequence?
A
  • Loss of water is greater than loss of Na+ in ECF
  • Water shifts from ICF to ECG
  • Serum osmolality > 300 mOsm
  • Serum sodium > 150 meq/L
31
Q
  • Volume contraction causes a decrease in which fluid compartment?
  • What does this due to blood volume and pressure?
A
  • ECF
  • Decreased blood volume and decreased blood pressure
32
Q
  • Volume expansion is an increase in _ volume
  • What does this do to blood pressure?
  • What else can occur as a result?
A
  • ECF
  • Increase in BP and Blood Volume
  • Edema
33
Q
  • _ means no change in body fluid osmolarity
A
  • Isosmotic
34
Q

_ means body fluid osmolarity is increased

A
  • Hyperosmotic
35
Q

_ means body fluid osmolarity is decreased

A
  • Hyposmolarity
36
Q
  • Describe the condition shown below
A
  • Isoosmotic volumetric contraction
  • Fluid loss such as diarrhea, vomiting, hemorrhage
37
Q
  • Describe the physiological condition shown below
A
  • Isosmotic volumetric expansion
  • EX: Infusion with isotonic saline solution
38
Q
  • Describe the following physiologic condition
A
  • Hyposmotic volume expansion
  • Gain of hypotonic fluid (Excessive water drinking or SIADH)
  • Increase in ECF and ICF volume, decrease in body osmolality
39
Q
  • Describe the following physiological situation
A
  • Hyper-osmotic volume contraction
  • Hypotonic fluid loss like Dehydration, Diabetes, Alcoholism
  • Insensible water loss from ECF, solute is left behind and becomes concentrated
  • Decrease in ECF volume and ICF volume, but increase in body osmolarity

Renal Exam 1 (7 decks)

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