Body Fluid Analysis

Question 1

Fluid accumulation in the pleural, pericardial and peritoneal cavities

Answer 1

Serous effusion

Question 2

Bilateral due to systemic conditions leading to increased capillary hydrostatic pressure or decreased plasma oncotic pressure

Answer 2

Transudates

Question 3

Unilateral, associated with localized disorders that increase vascular permeability or interfere with lymphatic resorptiob

Answer 3

Exudate

Question 4

Can cause transudates

Answer 4

Congestive heart failure
Hepatic cirrhosis
Hypoproteinemia (nephrotic syndrome)

Question 5

Pleural fluid/serum protein ratio

Pleural fluid/serum LD

Pleural fluid of LD level greater than 2/3 of the serum upper limit

Answer 5

Light criteria

Question 6

How would you rule out malignancy and infection

Answer 6

Cytology
Appropriate bacterial stain
Quantitative DNA analysis

Question 7

Milky white

Lymphocytosis

Tag > 110

Chylomicrons present

Answer 7

Chylous

Question 8

This can provide rapid chemical evidence for tuberculous effusion

Answer 8

ADA

Question 9

Most reliable diagnostic tool for identifying pericardial exudate and transudate

Answer 9

Light criteria

Question 10

Pathologic accumulation of excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Answer 10

Ascites

Question 11

If the SAAG is greater than 1.1

Answer 11

Portal hypertension

Liver problems

CHF