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(Q4) BE - ANA 102 > BODY DEFENSES > Flashcards

BODY DEFENSES Flashcards

1
Q

Two mechanisms that make up the immune system

A

Innate and Adaptive defense systems

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2
Q

specific resistance to disease

A

Immunity

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3
Q

True or False. Immune system is a functional system rather than an organ system in an anatomical sense

A

True

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4
Q

What is the first line of defense?

A

Surface membrane barriers

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5
Q

Forms mechanical barrier that prevents entry of pathogens and other harmful substances into the body

A

Intact skin

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6
Q

Skin secretions make epidermal surface acidic, which inhibits bacterial growth; sebum also contains bacteria-killing chemicals

A

Acid mantle

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7
Q

Provides resistance against acids, alkalis, and bacterial enzymes.

A

Keratin

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8
Q

Form mechanical barrier that prevents entry of pathogens

A

Intact Mucous Membranes

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9
Q

Traps microorganisms in respiratory and digestive tracts.

A

Mucus

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10
Q

Filter and trap microorganisms and other airborne particles in nasal passages.

A

Nasal hairs

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11
Q

Propel debris-laden mucus away from lower respiratory passages

A

Cilia

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12
Q

Contains concentrated hydrochloric acid and protein-digesting enzymes that destroy pathogens in the stomach

A

Gastric juice

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13
Q

Inhibits growth of bacteria and fungi in female reproductive tract.

A

Acid mantle of vagina

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14
Q

Continuously lubricate and cleanse eyes and oral cavity

A

Tears and Saliva

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15
Q

What is the second line of defense?

A

Cellular and Chemical defenses

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16
Q

Engulf and destroy pathogens that breach surface membrane barriers; macrophages also contribute to immune response.

A

Phagocytes

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17
Q

Promote cell lysis by direct cell attack against virus-infected or cancerous body cells; do not depend on specific antigen recognition

A

Natural Killer Cells

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18
Q

Prevents spread of injurious agents to adjacent tissues, disposes of pathogens and dead tissue cells, and promotes tissue repair

A

Inflammatory Response

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19
Q

Group of plasma proteins that lyses microorganisms, enhances phagocytosis by opsonization, and intensifies inflammatory response.

A

Complement

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20
Q

Proteins released by virus-infected cells that protect uninfected tissue cells from viral takeover; mobilize the immune system

A

Interferons

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21
Q

Normally acid pH inhibits bacterial growth; urine cleanses the lower urinary tract as it flushes from the body.

A

Fluids with acid pH

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22
Q

Systemic response triggered by pyrogens; high body temperature inhibits multiplication of bacteria and enhances body repair processes

A

Fever

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23
Q

What are the five lines of innate internal defense?

A

Phagocytes, NK cells, antimicrobial proteins, inflammation, and fever

24
Q

the adaptive defense system recognizes and acts against particular foreign substances

A

Antigen specific

25
Q

immunity is not restricted to the initial infection site

A

Systemic

26
Q

the adaptive system defense system recognizes and mounts a stronger attack on previously encountered pathogens

A

Memory

27
Q

antibody-mediated immunity

A

Humoral immunity

28
Q

initial encounter with antigens. antigens will bind with the receptor of B cells where it will be activated.

A

Primary response

29
Q

creates the antibodies during primary response

A

Plasma cells

30
Q

remembers the antigen and prepares the body for future infection

A

Memory cells

31
Q

more rapid response from the same antigen because the body was able to recognize it

A

Secondary response

32
Q

type of humoral immunity where you are exposed to pathogens

A

Active

33
Q

Natural or Artificial. Infection contact

A

Natural

34
Q

Natural or Arftificial. Vaccines

A

Artificial

35
Q

type or humoral immunity where you are not exposed but you are able to carry the antibodies needed

A

Passive

36
Q

Natural or Artifical. Breastmilk

A

Natural

37
Q

Natural or Artificial. Injected antibodies

A

Artificial

38
Q

cell-mediated immunity

A

Cellular immunity

39
Q

What is the third line of defense?

A

Adaptive defense system

40
Q

develop immunocompetence in the thymus and overseen cell-mediated immunity

A

T cells

41
Q

develop immunocompetence in bone marrow and provide humoral immunity

A

B cells

42
Q

also referred to as immunoglobulins; constitute the gamma globulin part of blood proteins

A

Antibodies

43
Q

are soluble proteins secreted by activated B cells or by their plasma-cell offspring in response to an antigen, and they are capable of binding specifically with that antigen

A

Antibodies

44
Q

When bound to B cell membrane, serves as antigen receptor

A

IgM

45
Q

Bathes and protects mucosal surfaces from attachment of pathogens

A

IgA

46
Q

Believed to be cell surface receptor of immunocompetent B cell

A

IgD

47
Q

Main antibody of both primary and secondary responses

A

IgG

48
Q

Binds to mast cells and basophils and triggers release of histamine

A

IgE

49
Q

the most abundant antibody in blood plasma and is the only type that can cross the placental barrier

A

IgG

50
Q

found mainly in secretions that bathe body surfaces, such as mucus and tears

A

IgA

51
Q

the “troublemaker” antibodies involved in allergies

A

IgE

52
Q

Only these can fix complement

A

IgM and IgG

53
Q

the chief antibody ammunition used against cellular antigens, such as bacteria or mismatched red blood cells

A

Complement

54
Q

antibody binding also “tags” antigen for phagocytosis

A

Opsonization

55
Q

occurs when antibodies bind to specific sites on bacterial exotoxins or on viruses that can cause cell injury

A

Neutralization

56
Q

clumping of foreign cells when the cross-linking involves cell-bound antigens

A

Agglutination

57
Q

a reaction where the antigen-antibody complexes are so large that they become insoluble and settle out of solution

A

Precipitation

(Q4) BE - ANA 102 (6 decks)

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