ANATOMY OF THE HEART Flashcards
A closed system of the heart and blood vessels
Cardiovascular system
The heart is located in the ___, between the lungs in the inferior mediastinum
Thoracic cavity
directed toward left hip and rests on the diaphragm
Apex
points toward right shoulder
Base
Which ribs is the heart enclosed in?
2nd to 5th rib
The loudest heart sound can be found at the
PMI (point of maximal intensity)
The PMI can be found where?
left midclavicular line, 5th intercostal space
double walled sac that encloses the heart
Pericardium
loosely fitting superficial part; helps protect the heart and anchors it to surrounding structures, such as the diaphragm and sternum
Fibrous pericardium
slippery, two-layer deep into the fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium
lines the interior of the fibrous pericardium
Parietal pericardium
innermost layer of the pericardium and the outermost layer of the heart wall
Visceral pericardium
Other name for visceral pericardium?
Epicardium
consists of thick bundles of cardiac muscle twisted and whorled into ringlike arrangements; layer that actually contracts
Myocardium
is a thin, glistening sheet of endothelium that lines the heart chambers
Endocardium
Which ventricle forms most of the heart’s anterior surface?
Right ventricle
septum that divides the heart longitudinally, or the atria
Interatrial septum
divides the ventricles
Interventricular septum
Which side works as the pulmonary circuit pump?
Right
receives oxygen-poor blood from the veins of the body and pumps it out through the pulmonary trunk
large superior vena cava and inferior vena cava
carry oxygen-poor blood to the lungs, where it will be oxygenated
Pulmonary artery
receives the oxygen-rich blood which was drained from the lungs
Pulmonary veins
The left side of the heart works as the ___ circuit pump
Systemic
where the oxygenated blood is returned and flows into the left ventricle
Left atrium
branch that supplies the oxygenated blood to the tissues
Aorta
where oxygen-poor blood passes through to be circulated back to the right atrium
Systemic veins
allow blood to flow in only one direction through the heart chambers
Heart valves
are located between the atria and ventricles on each side; prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles contract
Atrioventricular (AV) valves
consists of two flaps, or cusps, of endocardium
Bicuspid valve (mitral)
has three cusps that anchor the cusps to the walls of the ventricles
Tricuspid valve
When the heart is relaxed, the AV valve cusps are
Opened
As the ventricles contract, the AV valve cusps are forced upwards, causing it to
Close
What anchors the cusps in a closed position during contraction?
Chordae tendinae
guards the bases of the two large arteries leaving the ventricular chambers
Semilunar valves
Two types of semilunar valves
pulmonary and aortic
When the ventricles are contracting, the cusps in the semilunar valves are
open
When the ventricles relax, the cusps in the semilunar valves are
Closed
True or false: Blood in the heart nourishes the myocardium
False. The heart has its own nourishing circulatory system
branch from the aorta to supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood
Coronary arteries
drain the myocardium of blood
Cardiac veins
a large vein on the posterior of the heart; receives blood from cardiac veins
Coronary sinus
