Body Defence: non specific host mechanism Flashcards
This system is designed to protect humans from invading foreign substances such as microbes and cancer cells
Immune system
the engulfment and destruction of materials by cells
phagocytosis
Immunogenicity is
the capacity to stimulate the formation of the corresponding antibody
antigenicity is
the ability to bind specifically to these antibodies
what are the properties of antigens
antigenicity and immunogenicity
a macrophage
engulf and present antigens to lymphocytes
what system is a macrophage part of
reticuloendothelial system
a lymphocyte is ____. it is responsible for ________
a white blood cell, specific body defence
what are the two types of lymphocytes
T and B lymphocytes
when are T - lymphocytes activated
when they interact with macrophages and recognize the foreign antigens
what T-lymphocytes are activated
T-4 and Helper T cells
To trigger B- cell proliferation T lymphocytes produce
lymphokines and interleukins
B lymphocytes activate
macrophages and t lymphocytes
what type of t-cells do B cells activate
natural killer cells and t-8
a t-supressor is
the cell that turns off the immune system
antibodies are produced by
b - cells
immunoglobulins are
serum proteins produced normally by the body at all times
what is the complement system
a complex substance found in normal blood which non - specifically help to remove foreign antigens that have bound specifically with their corresponding antibody
how many proteins are in the complement cascade? the main ones are
30, C1-C9
consequences of complement activation (5)
- initiation and amplification of inflammation
- chemotaxis
- leukocyte activation
- lysis
- increased phagocytosis / opsinization
acute phase proteins increase rapidly during
an infection, inflammation and tissue injury
this protein is part of acute phase proteins, it is also a lab marker for systemic inflammation
C- Reactive Protein
cytokines enables
cells to communicate with each other
What are the characteristics of inflammation
heat, redness, swelling, pain, loss of function
what is the sequence of inflammation
- tissue injury
- vasodilation
- increased permeability
- emigration of leukocytes
- chemotaxis
- phagocytosis
this cell arrives first at the site of infection
PMNs
this protects nearby cells from invasion of a virus
interferon
Types of non specific mech of resistance (6)
mechanical and physiologic, cellular and fluid elements of blood, the reticuloendothelial system, inflammatory response, interferon, other factors
innate immune system is part of
mechanical and physiologic
complement and antibodies complement is part of
cellular and fluid elements of blood
the reticuloendothelial system is
the total body pool of macrophages and other phagocytic cells
macrophages are primarily
monocytes in the bone marrow
Langerhans cells are part of
The reticuloendothelial system
