Body Defence: non specific host mechanism

Question 1

This system is designed to protect humans from invading foreign substances such as microbes and cancer cells

Answer 1

Immune system

Question 2

the engulfment and destruction of materials by cells

Answer 2

phagocytosis

Question 3

Immunogenicity is

Answer 3

the capacity to stimulate the formation of the corresponding antibody

Question 4

antigenicity is

Answer 4

the ability to bind specifically to these antibodies

Question 5

what are the properties of antigens

Answer 5

antigenicity and immunogenicity

Question 6

a macrophage

Answer 6

engulf and present antigens to lymphocytes

Question 7

what system is a macrophage part of

Answer 7

reticuloendothelial system

Question 8

a lymphocyte is ____. it is responsible for ________

Answer 8

a white blood cell, specific body defence

Question 9

what are the two types of lymphocytes

Answer 9

T and B lymphocytes

Question 10

when are T - lymphocytes activated

Answer 10

when they interact with macrophages and recognize the foreign antigens

Question 11

what T-lymphocytes are activated

Answer 11

T-4 and Helper T cells

Question 12

To trigger B- cell proliferation T lymphocytes produce

Answer 12

lymphokines and interleukins

Question 13

B lymphocytes activate

Answer 13

macrophages and t lymphocytes

Question 14

what type of t-cells do B cells activate

Answer 14

natural killer cells and t-8

Question 15

a t-supressor is

Answer 15

the cell that turns off the immune system

Question 16

antibodies are produced by

Answer 16

b - cells

Question 17

immunoglobulins are

Answer 17

serum proteins produced normally by the body at all times

Question 18

what is the complement system

Answer 18

a complex substance found in normal blood which non - specifically help to remove foreign antigens that have bound specifically with their corresponding antibody

Question 19

how many proteins are in the complement cascade? the main ones are

Answer 19

30, C1-C9

Question 20

consequences of complement activation (5)

Answer 20

• initiation and amplification of inflammation
• chemotaxis
• leukocyte activation
• lysis
• increased phagocytosis / opsinization

Question 21

acute phase proteins increase rapidly during

Answer 21

an infection, inflammation and tissue injury

Question 22

this protein is part of acute phase proteins, it is also a lab marker for systemic inflammation

Answer 22

C- Reactive Protein

Question 23

cytokines enables

Answer 23

cells to communicate with each other

Question 24

What are the characteristics of inflammation

Answer 24

heat, redness, swelling, pain, loss of function

Question 25

what is the sequence of inflammation

Answer 25

1. tissue injury
2. vasodilation
3. increased permeability
4. emigration of leukocytes
5. chemotaxis
6. phagocytosis

Question 26

this cell arrives first at the site of infection

Answer 26

PMNs

Question 27

this protects nearby cells from invasion of a virus

Answer 27

interferon

Question 28

Types of non specific mech of resistance (6)

Answer 28

mechanical and physiologic, cellular and fluid elements of blood, the reticuloendothelial system, inflammatory response, interferon, other factors

Question 29

innate immune system is part of

Answer 29

mechanical and physiologic

Question 30

complement and antibodies complement is part of

Answer 30

cellular and fluid elements of blood

Question 31

the reticuloendothelial system is

Answer 31

the total body pool of macrophages and other phagocytic cells

Question 32

macrophages are primarily

Answer 32

monocytes in the bone marrow

Question 33

Langerhans cells are part of

Answer 33

The reticuloendothelial system