Body Composition

Question 1

body composition

Answer 1

• Relative proportion of different components that make up the human body.

Question 2

tissue model

Answer 2

• The body is comprised of four main tissue types, Nervous, Epithelial, Muscle and Connective tissues.

• Nervous tissues– brain, spinal cord, nerves
• Epithelial tissues- skin, linings of GI and other hollow organs
• Muscle tissues – cardiac, skeletal, smooth
• Connective tissues – fat, bone, tendon, cartilage

Question 3

structural model

Answer 3

• The main structural components of the body are bone, fat and muscle.

Question 4

two-component model

Answer 4

• The amount of fat and fat-free mass of which the body is composed.

Question 5

chemical model

Answer 5

• Fat, protein, carbohydrates, mineral, water.

Question 6

anthropometry

Answer 6

• Quantitative measurement of body size and proportions, for purposes of understanding human physical variation and body composition.
• Methods include skinfold thicknesses, circumferences, bony widths and lengths, height, and body weight.

Question 7

complications associated with obesity

Answer 7

• Type II diabetes mellitus
• Hypertension
• Coronary artery disease, and heart failure
• Higher incidence of certain cancers – breast, colon, esophagus, prostate, kidney, and uterus.
• Dyslipidemia
• Stroke
• Sleep apnea
• Gallbladder disease
• Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
• Osteoarthritis of the weight-bearing joints
• Gout
• Reduced fertility
• Impaired obstetric performance
• Reduced physical agility

Question 8

complications associated with excessive Thinness

Answer 8

• Fluid-electrolyte imbalances
• Osteoporosis
• Bone fractures
• Muscle wasting
• Cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death
• Peripheral edema
• Renal disorders
• Reproductive disorders

Question 9

eating disorders [4]

Answer 9

A disturbance in eating behavior that jeopardizes a person’s physical or psychological health.

• Anorexia nervosa
• Bulimia nervosa
• Binge eating disorder
• Female athlete triad

Question 10

essential fat

Answer 10

• Fat that is required for normal physiological functioning/structural components of cell membranes.
• Required for the synthesis of certain hormones, transport of fat-soluble vitamins, etc.

Question 11

storage fat

Answer 11

• Fat that is stored in adipose tissue for energy supply purposes.
• Located underneath the skin, in the abdominal cavity, and around certain organs.

Question 12

body composition of males vs females

Answer 12

• The average male is taller, heavier, has a larger muscle mass, and a lower total body fat content.

• Storage fat
- female = 15%
- male = 12%
• Essential fat
- female = 12%
- male = 3%

Question 13

“male type” (android) obesity

Answer 13

• Excess fat is deposited on the upper torso and around the abdomen – apple shape.
• Male type obesity is associated with higher health risks.

Question 14

“female type” (gynoid) obesity

Answer 14

• Excess fat is deposited below the waist in the thighs, hips, and buttocks (ie) pear shape.
• After menopause females begin depositing more fat in the abdominal area

Question 15

body composition and aging

Answer 15

• increased fat mass
• decreased muscle mass - sarcopenia
• decreased bone mass

Changes can be slowed down by a regular exercise program and proper dietary habits.