Body Composition

Question 1

What about weight gain when it comes to genetics? whats the risk %?

Answer 1

80% of risk is familial/genetic

Question 2

–Hormone produced by adipocytes

Answer 2

leptin

Question 3

–Messenger to arcuate nucleus in hypothalamus to

decrease hunger when calories eaten maintain one’s body fat.

Answer 3

leptin

Question 4

explain levels of leptin

Answer 4

low levels of leptin increase appetite

high levels of leptin depress hunger

Question 5

Those who are fat or obese have resistance to what?

Answer 5

leptin

Question 6

two main systems that help modulate weight?

Answer 6

homeostatic and hedonic

Question 7

Signaling from adipose tissue and gut to brain

Answer 7

homeostatic system

Question 8

Serotonin and dopamine are two hormonal signals in this system

Answer 8

hedonic system

Question 9

respond to COGNITIVE influences

*motivation, emotions, environment, mouth feel of food

Answer 9

hedonic system

Question 10

Accounts for the largest percentage of variation in body fat status

Answer 10

environment

Question 11

fitness is ________, ______ of weight

Answer 11

protective

independent

Question 12

adipocyte maturity: in adulthood, cell number is ?

Answer 12

stable

Question 13

increase in size

Answer 13

hypertrophy

Question 14

how does that vast majority gain weight?

Answer 14

adipocyte hypertrophy or increased size of existing cells

Question 15

extreme obesity is?

Answer 15

adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia

Question 16

weight loss decreases what?

Answer 16

SIZE of cells, not number

Question 17

central or android obesity is what shape?

Answer 17

apple

Question 18

apple shape has higher risk of?

Answer 18

malignant obesity

Question 19

peripheral or gynoid obesity shape

Answer 19

pear

Question 20

obese waist circumference size for men and women

Answer 20

men - over 40

women- over 35

Question 21

BMI is an excellent tool to determine?

Answer 21

population risk

Question 22

BMI classification for adults?

Answer 22

underweight = less than 18.5
normal = 18.5-24.9
overweight = 25-29.9
obese class I = 30-34.9
obese class II =35-39.9
obese class II = over 40

Question 23

curve shapes for BMI and disease?

Answer 23

J curve for CVD

U curve for all others

Question 24

What is normal HbA1c for a diabetic?

Answer 24

less than 7

Question 25

allows estimation of subcutaneous fat and distribution of fat

Answer 25

skin fold

Question 26

circumferential measure of fat

Answer 26

girth

Question 27

Map out distribution of fat

Answer 27

girth measurements

Question 28

girth measurements wouldn't apply to what 4 types of ppl?

Answer 28

skinny obese high endurance athletes strength trained athletes

Question 29

normal body fat % for men and women?

Answer 29

less than 20% for men and less than 30% for women

Question 30

fat % increases with?

Answer 30

age

Question 31

Energy is neither created nor destroyed

Answer 31

1st law of thermodynamics

Question 32

For obese ppl, A weight loss of ? provides significant health benefits.

Answer 32

5-10%

Question 33

FITT recommendations for obese ppl? and what should you add?

Answer 33

F- 5 or more days/wk I- moderate to vigorous T- min of 30, progressing to 60 min!! T- intermittent then continuous Add resistance and flexibility.

Question 34

To lose weight, reduce caloric intake by how much?

Answer 34

500-1000 kCal/day

Question 35

eating disorder more common than anorexia

Answer 35

bulemia

Question 36

Binge eat followed by purging or laxatives, diuretics or over exercising

Answer 36

bulemia

Question 37

half of your plate should be?

Answer 37

fruits and veggies

Question 38

fat % from food

Answer 38

20-35%

Question 39

daily calorie % for carbs?

Answer 39

45-65 % carbs

Question 40

protein calorie %?

Answer 40

10-35%