Body Basics Flashcards
chemical level of organisation
Includes atoms, molecules and macromolecules.
The microscopic level of organisation
Includes organelles and cells.
The macroscopic level of organisation
Includes tissue, organ, organ system and organism.
two types of metabolic activity:
Anabolism - building up chemicals using energy
Catabolism - energy is released when chemicals are broken dow
homeostasis
the state of steady internal, physical, and chemical conditions maintained by living systems.
TISSUES
- Groups of cells form tissues
- Tissues have specific functions
Epithelial tissue
- Is like wrappings – it forms linings and coverings
- Absorption and secretion - moving things across boundaries
- The prefix “epi” means “upon”
Connective tissue
- Connects body parts together, e.g. tendons that attach muscle to bone
- Fills spaces between structures, e.g. fat
- Very diverse structure allows for a wide variety of functions, e.g. bone, tendons, ligaments, blood, fat
Muscle tissue
- Skeletal muscle – produces movement, e.g. triceps brachii (pictured)
- Smooth muscle – in the walls of most internal organs and blood vessels
- Cardiac muscle – forms the heart
Nervous tissue
- Found in the brain, spinal cord and nerves
- Functions in communication – includes the receptor – afferent pathway - control centre – efferent pathway of homeostatic control mechanisms.
integumentary system
- protects the body from external environment
- produces vitamin D
- retains water
- regulates body temperature
Skeletal system
- supports the body
- protects internal organs
- provides leverage for movement
- produces blood cells
- stores calcium salts
Muscular system
- produces movement
- controls body openings
- generates heat
lympahtic system
- returns excess tissue fluid to cardiovascular system
- provides immunity
respiratory system
- delivers oxygen to the blood
- removes carbon dioxide from body
- maintains the acid base balance of blood
digestive system
- digests food
- absorbs nutrients into the blood
- removes food waste
- removes fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance
nervous system
- regulates body functions
- provides for sensation, movement, automatic functions and higher mental functions via nerve repulses
endocrine system
- regulates body function
- regulates the function of muscles, glands and other tissues through the secretion of chemicals called hormones
cardiovascular system
- pumps and delivers oxygen poor blood to the lungs and oxygen-rich blood to the tissues
- removes waste from tissues
- transports cells, nutrient and other substances
urinary system
- removes metabolic waste from the blood
- regulates fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance
- stimulates blood cell production
male reproductive system
- produces and transports sperm
- secretes hormones
- sexual function
female reproductive system
- produces and transports eggs
- site of fetal development, fetal nourishment, childbirth and lactation
- secretes hormones
- sexual function
