Body Basics

Question 1

chemical level of organisation

Answer 1

Includes atoms, molecules and macromolecules.

Question 2

The microscopic level of organisation

Answer 2

Includes organelles and cells.

Question 3

The macroscopic level of organisation

Answer 3

Includes tissue, organ, organ system and organism.

Question 4

two types of metabolic activity:

Answer 4

Anabolism - building up chemicals using energy
Catabolism - energy is released when chemicals are broken dow

Question 5

homeostasis

Answer 5

the state of steady internal, physical, and chemical conditions maintained by living systems.

Question 6

TISSUES

Answer 6

• Groups of cells form tissues
• Tissues have specific functions

Question 7

Epithelial tissue

Answer 7

• Is like wrappings – it forms linings and coverings
• Absorption and secretion - moving things across boundaries
• The prefix “epi” means “upon”

Question 8

Connective tissue

Answer 8

• Connects body parts together, e.g. tendons that attach muscle to bone
• Fills spaces between structures, e.g. fat
• Very diverse structure allows for a wide variety of functions, e.g. bone, tendons, ligaments, blood, fat

Question 9

Muscle tissue

Answer 9

• Skeletal muscle – produces movement, e.g. triceps brachii (pictured)
• Smooth muscle – in the walls of most internal organs and blood vessels
• Cardiac muscle – forms the heart

Question 10

Nervous tissue

Answer 10

• Found in the brain, spinal cord and nerves
• Functions in communication – includes the receptor – afferent pathway - control centre – efferent pathway of homeostatic control mechanisms.

Question 11

integumentary system

Answer 11

• protects the body from external environment
• produces vitamin D
• retains water
• regulates body temperature

Question 12

Skeletal system

Answer 12

• supports the body
• protects internal organs
• provides leverage for movement
• produces blood cells
• stores calcium salts

Question 13

Muscular system

Answer 13

• produces movement
• controls body openings
• generates heat

Question 14

lympahtic system

Answer 14

• returns excess tissue fluid to cardiovascular system
• provides immunity

Question 15

respiratory system

Answer 15

• delivers oxygen to the blood
• removes carbon dioxide from body
• maintains the acid base balance of blood

Question 16

digestive system

Answer 16

• digests food
• absorbs nutrients into the blood
• removes food waste
• removes fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance

Question 17

nervous system

Answer 17

• regulates body functions
• provides for sensation, movement, automatic functions and higher mental functions via nerve repulses

Question 18

endocrine system

Answer 18

• regulates body function
• regulates the function of muscles, glands and other tissues through the secretion of chemicals called hormones

Question 19

cardiovascular system

Answer 19

• pumps and delivers oxygen poor blood to the lungs and oxygen-rich blood to the tissues
• removes waste from tissues
• transports cells, nutrient and other substances

Question 20

urinary system

Answer 20

• removes metabolic waste from the blood
• regulates fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance
• stimulates blood cell production

Question 21

male reproductive system

Answer 21

• produces and transports sperm
• secretes hormones
• sexual function

Question 22

female reproductive system

Answer 22

• produces and transports eggs
• site of fetal development, fetal nourishment, childbirth and lactation
• secretes hormones
• sexual function