Bod exam 3

Question 1

Erosion vs. Ulceration

Answer 1

erosion - basement membrane still intact, no blood

ulceration - basement membrane breached, can bleed

Question 2

Which is cosmetic and which is a health concern? Palatoschisis vs. chelioschisis

Answer 2

Palatoschisis - concern is aspiration, hard to repair

Question 3

Epitheliogenesis imperfecta

Answer 3

partial or complete lack of epithelial covering in the mouth

technically an ulcer

Question 4

how does uremia cause ulceration in the mouth

Answer 4

uremia –> vasculitis –> thrombosis –> ischemia –> infarction –> ulceration (in carn)
In herb - GI urease splits urea into ammonia = local caustic effect

Question 5

Viral causes of vesicular stomatitis

Answer 5

foot & mouth dz - sheep/goat, rum, swine (picornavirus)
vesicular stomatitis - all animals (rhabdovirus)
swine vesicular dz - pigs, seals (enterovirus)
vesicular exanthema - cats (calcivirus)

Question 6

lumpy jaw

Answer 6

Actinomycosis
rosettes surrounded by pyogranulomatous inflam, splendor hoppli material
sharp feed –> pyogranulomatous osteomyelitis

Question 7

Most common neoplasia in oral cavity

Answer 7

melanoma
melanotic or amelanotic
commonly metastasizes to to nearest l.n.

Question 8

Other common neoplasms in oral cavity of dogs

Answer 8

tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma, fibrosarcoma

Question 9

Most common oral cavity neoplasia in cats

Answer 9

squamous cell carcinoma

then fibrosarcoma, lymphoma, melanoma

Question 10

Which benign oral proliferation invades bone: odontogenic fibroma or ameloblastoma?

Answer 10

ameloblastoma

Question 11

two reasons cats get tongue ulcers

Answer 11

calicivirus, uremia

Question 12

Causes of ulcerative esophagitis

Answer 12

reflux dz - see linear ulcers in caudal 1/3
toxins - blister beetles, chemicals
viruses - bov papular stomatitis virus, BVDV, MCF

Question 13

What parasite causes esophagitis where esophageal sarcoma results secondarily?

Answer 13

Spirocerca lupi

Make nodules in distal esophagus, penetrate wall and enter into aorta –> aortic rupture –> granulomatous inflammation, fibroplasia –> esophageal sarcoma
common sequelae - hypertrophic osteopathy

dung beetle intermediate host

Question 14

How does bloat/ruminal tympany cause death?

Answer 14

fermentation or blocked eructation = bloat/distention –> compression of caudal vena cava –> venous infarct/necrosis, decreased CO –> hypovolemic shock, asphyxiation, collapse

Question 15

Pasture bloat vs. feedlot bloat

Answer 15

pasture: high legume pasture - clover, microbiota form stable foam, give detergent to treat
Feedlot: finely chopped carbs, bacteria form stable foam, pH lowered

Question 16

secondary causes of bloat

Answer 16

physical obstruction, stenosis, traumatic injury, tetanus, & BLV (enlarged tracheobronchial l.n. block eructation)

Question 17

diagnose bloat

Answer 17

left flank distended

Question 18

types of rumen foreign bodies

Answer 18

trichobezoar
phytobezoar
lead (most commonly batteries)
sharp objects

Question 19

Why cows very good at walling off inflammation?

Answer 19

High amount of fibrinogen

polymerizes, forms network, traps bacteria and they’re eaten by surface phagocytosis

Question 20

4 complications from reticulitis

Answer 20

diaphragmatic perforation
reticuloperitonitis
traumatic reticulopericarditis
pericardial empyema

Question 21

chemical rumenitis

Answer 21

• grain overload = decreased pH
• chemical burn/ulceration in stomach –> F. necrophorum takes advantage, then bacteremias –> liver abscesses
• also pulmonary hemorrhage d/t emoblism rupture of pulmonary artery –> see hemoptysis (jets of frothy blood out of nose)

Question 22

bacterial rumenitis

Answer 22

secondary to chemical rumenitis
F. necrophorum - ulcers have fibrinonecrotic exudate
T. pyogenes - see pus

Question 23

GDV cause of death

Answer 23

same as bloat - hypovolemic shock

esp. from pancreatic hypoxia & MDF release to decrease CO

Question 24

Left displaced abomasum

Answer 24

L - common, not fatal, older dairy cows (atony or displacement w/ parturition)
R - more in calves, quickly fatal (volvulus, infarction, rupture, vagus nerve trauma can cause bloat

Question 25

causes of gastric ulcers

Answer 25

DOGS AND PIGS
Mast cell tumors (histamine)
zollinger-ellision syndrome (excess acid secretion)
local ischemia
NSAID's
Diet
Helicobacter

Question 26

Most significant gastric pathogen in ferrets

Answer 26

Helicobacter

Question 27

Sequelae to gastric ulcers

Answer 27

hematemesis
melena
anemia/hypovolemic shock
abdominal pain

Question 28

Uremic gastritis

Answer 28

due to uremia

see mucosal mineralization (metastatic hypercalcemia), hemorrhage

Question 29

Causes of gastritis in dogs, cats

Answer 29

uremic
eosinophilic (food, parasites)
helicobacter
chronic
hypertrophic (boxer, bulldog, boston, basneji)

Question 30

GI parasitism in ruminants

Answer 30

Haemonchosis
Ostertagiosis/teladorsagia
Trichostrongylosis

Question 31

GI parasitism in EQ

Answer 31

gastric bots (Gasterophilus intestinalis or nasalis)
Drashia megastoma
Trichostrongylosis

Question 32

Common malignant gastric neoplasia in dogs

Answer 32

adenocarcinoma

See marked scirrhous reaction

Question 33

Sites of lymphoma associated w/ BLV

Answer 33

uterus, abomasum, heart, retrobulbar

Question 34

normal villi:crypt ratio

Answer 34

6:1

Question 35

What causes thickened GI wall in rum? In pigs?

Answer 35

Rum - Johne’s dz by mycobacterium avium paratb

Pig - proliferative ileitis by lawsonia intracellularis (vs. swine dysentery is extracellular brachyspira)

Question 36

contrast proliferative ileitis and swine dysentery

Answer 36

PI - thicken wall of ileum, intracellular

SD - malabsorption in colon, extracellular bacteria