Bod exam 3 Flashcards
Erosion vs. Ulceration
erosion - basement membrane still intact, no blood
ulceration - basement membrane breached, can bleed
Which is cosmetic and which is a health concern? Palatoschisis vs. chelioschisis
Palatoschisis - concern is aspiration, hard to repair
Epitheliogenesis imperfecta
partial or complete lack of epithelial covering in the mouth
technically an ulcer
how does uremia cause ulceration in the mouth
uremia –> vasculitis –> thrombosis –> ischemia –> infarction –> ulceration (in carn)
In herb - GI urease splits urea into ammonia = local caustic effect
Viral causes of vesicular stomatitis
foot & mouth dz - sheep/goat, rum, swine (picornavirus)
vesicular stomatitis - all animals (rhabdovirus)
swine vesicular dz - pigs, seals (enterovirus)
vesicular exanthema - cats (calcivirus)
lumpy jaw
Actinomycosis
rosettes surrounded by pyogranulomatous inflam, splendor hoppli material
sharp feed –> pyogranulomatous osteomyelitis
Most common neoplasia in oral cavity
melanoma
melanotic or amelanotic
commonly metastasizes to to nearest l.n.
Other common neoplasms in oral cavity of dogs
tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma, fibrosarcoma
Most common oral cavity neoplasia in cats
squamous cell carcinoma
then fibrosarcoma, lymphoma, melanoma
Which benign oral proliferation invades bone: odontogenic fibroma or ameloblastoma?
ameloblastoma
two reasons cats get tongue ulcers
calicivirus, uremia
Causes of ulcerative esophagitis
reflux dz - see linear ulcers in caudal 1/3
toxins - blister beetles, chemicals
viruses - bov papular stomatitis virus, BVDV, MCF
What parasite causes esophagitis where esophageal sarcoma results secondarily?
Spirocerca lupi
Make nodules in distal esophagus, penetrate wall and enter into aorta –> aortic rupture –> granulomatous inflammation, fibroplasia –> esophageal sarcoma
common sequelae - hypertrophic osteopathy
dung beetle intermediate host
How does bloat/ruminal tympany cause death?
fermentation or blocked eructation = bloat/distention –> compression of caudal vena cava –> venous infarct/necrosis, decreased CO –> hypovolemic shock, asphyxiation, collapse
Pasture bloat vs. feedlot bloat
pasture: high legume pasture - clover, microbiota form stable foam, give detergent to treat
Feedlot: finely chopped carbs, bacteria form stable foam, pH lowered
secondary causes of bloat
physical obstruction, stenosis, traumatic injury, tetanus, & BLV (enlarged tracheobronchial l.n. block eructation)
diagnose bloat
left flank distended
types of rumen foreign bodies
trichobezoar
phytobezoar
lead (most commonly batteries)
sharp objects
Why cows very good at walling off inflammation?
High amount of fibrinogen
polymerizes, forms network, traps bacteria and they’re eaten by surface phagocytosis
4 complications from reticulitis
diaphragmatic perforation
reticuloperitonitis
traumatic reticulopericarditis
pericardial empyema
chemical rumenitis
- grain overload = decreased pH
- chemical burn/ulceration in stomach –> F. necrophorum takes advantage, then bacteremias –> liver abscesses
- also pulmonary hemorrhage d/t emoblism rupture of pulmonary artery –> see hemoptysis (jets of frothy blood out of nose)
bacterial rumenitis
secondary to chemical rumenitis
F. necrophorum - ulcers have fibrinonecrotic exudate
T. pyogenes - see pus
GDV cause of death
same as bloat - hypovolemic shock
esp. from pancreatic hypoxia & MDF release to decrease CO
Left displaced abomasum
L - common, not fatal, older dairy cows (atony or displacement w/ parturition)
R - more in calves, quickly fatal (volvulus, infarction, rupture, vagus nerve trauma can cause bloat
