Boards review 4 Flashcards
1
Q
Low AFP
A
Down syndrome
2
Q
High AFP
A
Neural tube defects
3
Q
States for lyme disease
A
Connecticut, Minnesota, Maine
4
Q
HLA DR3 + DR4
A
Distinguishes type 1 DM from type 2 DM
5
Q
C Peptide in DM
A
Type 1: No C peptide
Type 2: High C Peptide
6
Q
Risk factors for pre-eclampsia
A
History, increased BMI, family history
7
Q
Risk factors for gout
A
Obesity, daily low dose aspirin, beer
8
Q
Advair
A
ICS + LABA combo
9
Q
Hemophilia
A
X linked
10
Q
4th degree frost bite
A
gangrene
11
Q
Order of potency of topical steroids
A
Hydrocortisone
Bethamethasone
Fluocinolone
Clobetasol
12
Q
Early prenatal DM screening recommended if
A
Overweight + 1 additional risk factor
13
Q
Which abx increases INR with Warfarin
A
Cipro + Bactrim
14
Q
Dose of apixaban for thromboembolism prophylaxis following total knee replacement
A
2.5mg BID
5mg if treatment!
15
Q
Early diastolic murmur heard at 3rd/4th ICS near sternal border
A
AR
16
Q
Aliskiren
A
Directly inhibits renin
17
Q
Which fluoroquinolone drops are ototoxic
A
Cipro + Ofloxacin
18
Q
Tx belpharitis
A
Warm compresses, erythromycin, baby shampoo
19
Q
Vitiligo
A
Hypopigmented skin spreads over time; risk factor–autoimmune
Tx: steroids, light therapy, avoid sun
20
Q
Tx refractory psoriasis
A
Methotrexate, cyclosporine, biologics
21
Q
Tx bites if allergic to penicillin
A
Doxy, Bactrim, Flagyl
22
Q
Paronychia
A
Bacterial infection of lateral skin folds
Tx: mupirocin
23
Q
Tx tinea capitus
A
Griseofulvin
Check LFT!
24
Q
Molluscum contagiosum due to
A
Poxvirus
25
Tx Raynauds
nifedipine
26
PPD >5mm positive if
Recent contact, positive X ray, HIV, decreased immunity
27
PPD >10mm positive if
Recent immigrants, IV drug user, HCP homeless
28
PE in emphysema
Increased AP diameter, decreased breath sounds, pursed lips, decreased weight, hyperresonance, decreased tactile fremitus
29
SE atypical antipsychotics
Obesity + DM
30
SE typical antipyschotics
Increased lipids, malignant neuroleptic syndrome
31
TB X ray
Cavitations + granulomas
32
Tx stable HF
ACEI, beta blocker, spirinolactone
33
Which bacteria should you suspect in COPD exacerbation
Hib
| Tx: Bactrim, Doxy, Ceftin
34
Goal TSH
<5
35
SE PTU + methimazole
Skin rash, aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatic necrosis
36
Korsakoff's syndrome
Complication of alcoholics, decreased BP, visual impairment, coma
Tx: thiamine
37
What may precipitate acute angle closure glaucoma
SNRI
38
Metformin has risk of
Lactic acidosis
39
stepwise tx of asthma
Intermittent: SABA
Mild: ICS + SABA
Moderate: ICS + LABA + SABA
Severe: Increased ICS + LABA + SABA
40
Tx H Pylori
Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin + PPI
41
Tx trigeminal neuralgia
Anticonvulsants + muscle relaxants
42
Oliguria
<400ml/day
43
Average daily UO
1500ml
44
How long does it take after acute hemorrhage for hct and hgb to decrease
24 hours
45
Normal WBC
5,000-10,000
46
Prophylaxis for cluster HA
Verapamil
47
How much blood loss results in orthostatic hypotension
>15%
48
Most common cause of iron deficiency anemia
IDA
49
Risk factors for priapism
Cocaine use, ED meds, sickle cell, quadriplegia
50
Tx epididymitis
<35: ceftriaxone + doxy
>35: levaquin
Scrotal elevation
51
Chronic prostatitis due to
E Coli or Proteus
52
Cephalohematoma
Does not cross midline
| ABNORMAL
53
Capput succedoneum
Crosses midline
| Normal due to birth trauma
54
Tx chalmydia pneumonia
Erythromycin x 14 days
55
Mefenamic acid
NSAID effective against menstrual pain
56
Neuroblastoma vs nephroblastoma
Neuroblastoma crosses midline--50% in metasistis
| Nephroblastoma (wilms tumor) does not cross midline
57
Diuretic best for osteoporosis
Thiazide diuretic
58
Drugs that trigger G6PD deficiency
Macrobid, Bactrim, NSAIDs, antimalarials, aspirin
59
Trepenema Pallidum
G-
| Syphilis
60
Hogar sign
softening of lower uterus portion
61
Goodell sign
Softening of cervix
62
Chadwick sign
Blue color of cervix
63
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
Due to syphilis or lyme disease
| HA, myalgia, rigors, sweating, decreased BP, rash
64
Peak expiratory flow is determined by
Gender, height, age
65
Pap smear collects
Squamous epithelial cells and endocervical cells
66
Anthrax prophylaxis
Cipro
67
Prophylaxis PCP pneumonia
Bactrim, Dapsone, aeorlized pentamidine
68
Roseola due to
HH6 and HH7
69
Prostate in BPH
Enlarged and rubbery
70
Addisons labs
Increased K+, decreased Na+
71
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
New onset vision loss, pain in neck, shoulders, hips; increased risk of temporal arteritis
Tx with steroids
72
Prophylaxis for epiglottitis
Rifampin
73
Stage 1-3 Reyes
Stage 1: Vomiting, diarrhea, increased AST/ALT
Stage 2: Personality changes
Stage 3: confusion, delirium, coma, death
74
Delayed pubertal growth
No testicular growth by age 14 or no breast by 12
75
When do anemia sx occur
WHen hgb <10
76
Vaginal ring vs patch
Replace vaginal ring every 3 weeks; patch every week
77
Do not give IPV if allergic to
Neomycin, streptomycin, polymyxin B
78
Tx ectopic pregnancy
Methotrexate, salpingostomy
79
RSV prophylaxis for CHD
Palivizumab
80
Adrenarche
Pubic hair
81
Erythema toxicum neonatorium
Benign rash resembling flea bites
| Self limiting
82
Do not give what with varicella
NSAID--Causes NEC
83
Triptans CI in
CAD or pregnancy
84
Beta blockers used for HA prophylaxis
Atenolol, Metoprolol, Propranolol
85
Most serious complication of temporal arteritis
Blindness
86
Tx Shigella
Bactrim
87
Tx Giardia
Metronidazole
88
Viral conjunctivitis due to
Adenovirus
89
Dx test for malignant OE
CT, radionucleotide bone scan, gallium screening
90
Dopamine agonists for PD
Ropinirole + Prampexole
91
Short acting insulins
Lispro
Aspart
Glusiline
Regular
92
SE Verenicline
Nausea + sleep disturbance
93
Prednisolone dosage peds
1-2mg/kg/day
94
Tx ABRS
Amoxicillin, Doxy, Bactrim
95
Febuxostat
Decreased production of uric acid
96
CN motor only
3, 4, 6, 11, 12
97
CN Sensory only
1, 2, 8
98
CN mixed
5, 7, 9, 10
99
Tx Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Doxy 12 weeks
If fails: Rifampin
If fails: Humira
100
Doxy tx for
Lower respiratory + STDs
101
Bactrim tx for
MRSA, UTI
102
Metformin CI in
Active liver disease
103
DPP4 inhibitors
-Gliptin
Weight neutral
increase incretin levels (GLP-1 and GIP), which inhibit glucagon release, which in turn increases insulin secretion, decreases gastric emptying, and decreases blood glucose levels
104
GLP1 agonist
Exanatide
Injectible
Increased insulin response to meals
Weight loss
105
SGLT-2 inhibitors
-Flozin
Weight loss
Increased risk of UTI
106
Fluctuant cellulitis tx
I+D first line; Bactrim, Clinda, Doxy then
107
Zostavax
Live
| >60
108
Shingrix
Recombinant
| >50
109
Pulmonary fibrosis
Decreased total lung capacity, vital capacity and diffusion of CO
110
Hemochromatosis causes
Cirrhosis, hyperpigmented skin, DM, arthralgias
111
Amyloidosis
Nephrotic syndrome, cardiomyopathy, peripheral neuropathy, hepatomegaly
112
Chronic hemolytic anemia
Bone marrow increased production of erythrocytes
| Supplement with folic acid
113
SLE test
Anti-DS DNA AB
114
Test for ventilation
Arterial PaCO2
115
Encapsulated bacteria
Increased risk in sickle cell pt
| Strep pneumoniae, Hib, staph, salmonella
116
Granular casts present in
Acute tubular necrosis
117
Massive proteinuria present in
Nephrotic syndrome
118
WBC casts + eosinophilia present in
Interstitial nephritis
119
Tx tachy and tremor in alcohol withdrawal
Clonidine
120
Most common sx of toxoplasmosis
Headache
121
Cupped ST segments on EKG
Digoxin
122
Edema, urinary RBC casts, proteinuria, hypertension
Glomerulonephritis
123
Macrobid in pregnancy
Can use in 1st and 2nd trimesters
124
Tix douloureux
Trigemenial neuralgia
CN 5
Tx: anticonvulsants
125
Exercise for osteoporosis vs OA
Osteoporosis: Weight bearing
OA: isometric
126
If sitting makes back pain better
spinal stenosis
127
Test for sciatica
Straight leg test
128
Mulder test
Tests for morton neuroma
129
Bamboo spine + sacro iliac night pain
Anylosing spondylitis
130
Labs for HIV
ELISA + Western Blot
131
Monitor what in atypicals
BMI, BG, lipids
132
What year house do you get concerned with lead
<1978
133
Labs for prostatitis
UA + CBC
134
Tx prostatitis
Cipro, levaquin, Bactrim
135
Fever few
Used for headaches
136
Gingko
Used for memory
137
Kava Kava
Used for anxiety
138
Echinacea
Used for immunity
139
Saw Palmetto
Used for BPH
140
Black Cohosh
Used for hot flashes
141
Hydrocele should resolve by
12 months
142
Trephination
Tx of fingernail hematoma--drill hole in nail
143
Preferred therapy for someone with ischemic stroke
antiplatelet
144
If allergic to penicillin, tx ABRS
Doxy
145
Diaphragm must be kept in place
6 hours following intercourse
146
Skin diseases due to staph
Furuncles, impetigo, hidradenitis
147
Skin diseases due to strep
Simple cellulitis
148
Rebound congestion occurs due to
Tachyphylaxis
149
What drug can contribute to thyroid issues
Amiodarone
150
Most rapid onset benzo
Diazepam
151
Short duration benzos
Alprazolam, triazolam, oxazepam
152
Medium duration benzos
Lorazepam, tempazepam
153
Long duration benzos
Diazepam
| Lower abuse potential
154
Aging sleep related changes
Decreased REM, increased sleep latency, decreased slow wave sleep
155
Tests for lyme disease
ELISA + Western Blot
156
Metformin can cause what deficiency
Vitamin B12
157
Tx OA
Tylenol, NSAID, exercise, duloxetine
158
Establishes that person has met standards in profession and has met MASTERY OF SKILL
Certification
159
Establishes that individual is QUALIFIED to practice in PROFESSIONAL ROLE defined by state board
Licensure
160
Enforces professional STANDARDS OF PRACTICE and requires licensure and certification
Credentialing
161
National quality strategy
Better care, healthy people, affordable care
162
Which beta blocker should not be used for htn
Propranolol
163
1st choice med for isolated systolic htn
Nifedipine
164
Dacrocystitis
Infection of lacrimal sac/tear duct due to blockage
| Usually seen in infants
165
Leukocoria
White spot on pupil; sign of retinoblastoma
166
Gold standard for diagnosing PAD
Angiography
167
Test for dx retinal detachment
Slit lamp biomicroscopy
168
beta blockers and CCB can cause
GERD
169
Sx endocarditis
Fever, chills, malaise, subungual hemorrhages, oslers nodes
170
If RH-
Receive rhogam at 28 weeks and then within 72 hours of delivery
171
Most common cause of encoperesis
Constipation
| More common in males
172
Dx TB
3 positive sputum cultures 8-24 hours apart
173
Squamous cells in UA
Contaminated sample
174
High fever, lymph nodes, conjunctivitis, strawberry tongue, swollen hands/feet, skin peeling
Kawasaki
175
Miosis, ptosis, anhidrosis
horner syndrome
176
Meds for A fib rate control
CCB, BB, digoxin
177
Most serious MI
Anterior wall
| Tomb stone
178
Right side murmurs louder on
Inspiration
179
Left side murmurs louder on
Expiration
180
Rule out what with MVP
Marfan
181
Most widely used method for dx pancreatitis
amylase
182
High dose statins
Atorvastatin 40-80mg
| Rosuvastatin 20-40mg
183
Moderate dose statins
```
Atorvastatin 10-20mg
Simvastatin 20-40mg
Rosuvastatin 5-10mg
Lovastatin 40-80mg
Pravastatin 40-80mg
```
184
Fluoroquinolones have high risk for
Achilles tendon rupture
185
Valgus vs varus
Valgus: medial
Varus: lateral
186
Fifth disease due to
Parvovirus B19
187
Sialothiasis
Painful bump in mouth due to salivary duct obstruction
| Worse when eating
188
Tx essential tremor
Propranolol
189
Which antidepressant is easy to OD on
TCA
190
Weber lateralizes to bad ear in
Conductive hearing loss
191
Weber lateralizes to good ear in
Sensorineural hearing loss
192
2 month vaccines
Hep B, Polio, IPV, Dtap, HIB, PCV
193
4 month vaccines
Polio, IPV, Dtap, HIB, PCV
194
6 month vaccines
Hep B, Polio, IPV, Dtap, HIB, PCV + Influenza
195
12-18 month vaccines
MMR, Varicella, Hep A, Dtap, HIB, PCV
196
4-6 years
MMR, varicella, Dtap, Polio
197
Lesion for patellar reflex
L3/L4
198
Lesion for achilles reflex
S1/S2
199
L2/L3 lesion
Hip
200
L3/L4 lesion
Knee
201
L5 lesion
Ankle dorsiflexion
202
S1 lesion
Ankle plantar flexion
203
C7/C8 lesion
Flexor and extensor of wrist
204
Empty can test
Supraspinatus
205
Push out against resistance
Infraspinatus
206
Lift off
Subscap
207
NEERS
subacromial
208
Hawkins
Supraspinatus
209
Drop arm
Rotator cuff
210
Spurling test
Cervical nerve root
211
Penicillin MOA
Bactericidal; cell wall synthesis inhibitor
212
Sulfonamide MOA
Bacteriostatic; folic acid inhibitor
213
Tetracylines MOA
Bacteriostatic; bind to 30S
214
Macrolides MOA
Bacteriostatic; bind to 50S
215
Fluoroquinolones
Inhibit DNA synthesis
216
Metronidazole
Inhibits DNA synthesis
217
Clindamycin
50s bind
218
Aminoglycosides
Bind to 30S
219
Ranson criteria
```
GA-LAW
Glucose >200
AST>250
LDH> 350
Age >55
WBC: 16,000
```
```
C+HOBBS
Calcium <8
Hct decrease by 10%
O2>60
Base deficit >4
BUN increase by 5
Sequestration of fluid >6L
```
220
Epidural hemorrhage
MVA, falls, assault
Blood is arterial--middle meningeal artery
Altered LOC, HA, vomiting, confusion, aphagia
221
Subdural hemorrhage
MVA, falls, assault
Venous blood
Coma, lucid period followed by rapid decline
222
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Aneurysm burst
| Thunderclap headache
223
Type 1 hypersensitivity
IgE
| Allergic rhinitis, anaphylaxis, asthma
224
Type 2 hypersensitivity
IgG/IgM
Complement system
Rheumatic fever, autoimmune hemolytic anemia
225
Type 3 hypersensitivity
IgG/IgM
| RA, post strep glomerulonephritis
226
Type 4 hypersensitivity
T Cell mediated
Transplant reaction, contact dermatitis
Delayed response
227
Sx dig toxicity
Bradycardia, visual changes, fatigue, V Fib
228
Loss of corneal reflex is problem with
CN 5
229
Diaphragm needs refitting if
>20 ib weight gain
230
SE prednisone
A fib, psychosis, osteoporosis, increased BG
