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Boards Review Final > Board review 2 > Flashcards

Board review 2 Flashcards

1
Q

ETHICAL

A

 Examine the data
 Think about which person should be making the decision
 Humanize the options—make a decision tree
 Incorporate ethical principles, legal statutes, standards of care
 Choose an option
 Act
 Look back and evaluate

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2
Q

Insulin NPH

A

Intermediate acting

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3
Q

Insulin Lispro + Regular

A

short acting

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4
Q

Insulin glargine and detemir

A

Long acting

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5
Q

Test for macular degeneration

A

Amsler grid

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6
Q

Sx Sickle cell crisis

A

Pain, SOB, ulcers

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7
Q

2 most common SE varenicline

A

Nausea and sleep disturbance

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8
Q

Longest half life benzo

A

Diazepam–100 hours

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9
Q

Severe eye pain, halos around lights, N/V, headache, conjunctival redness

A

Acute closed-angle glaucoma

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10
Q

Sudden blurry vision, floaters, flashing lights

A

Retinal detachment

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11
Q

Cremasteric reflex in torsion

A

Absent

Assess with doppler US

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12
Q

Tx chronic open angle glaucoma

A

Miotic agents, beta blockers, alpha 2 agonists

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13
Q

Dosage of nebulized albuterol for pediatric

A

0.15mg/kg

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14
Q

Prednisolone dosage for pediatrics

A

1-2mg/kg/day divided doses once or twice a day

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15
Q

Common lab values with alcoholism

A

Low potassium, low magnesium, high triglycerides, elevated LFTs

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16
Q

Skin becomes hardened and leathery from chronic irritation

A

Lichenification

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17
Q

Leading cause of death in adolescents

A

MVA

Homicide is second; suicide is third

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18
Q

Tx cellulitis due to strep

A

Clindamycin, cephalexin, cefadroxil, Bactrim

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19
Q

Mammogram should begin at

A

Age 45 in average risk women

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20
Q

Most common sports related injury

A

Lateral ankle sprain

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21
Q

Initial tx of bacterial sinusitis

A

Amoxocillin, Doxy, Bactrim

Ceftriaxone if severe

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22
Q

If pt has had abx in past 6 weeks, tx of sinusitis

A

Levaquin

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23
Q

Tx cellulitis with fluctuance

A

Bactrim

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24
Q

Meds that can cause ED

A

Thiazide diureitcs, beta blockers, spirinolactone, metformin, digoxin, 5-a-reductase inhibitors, TCA, SSRI, benzos, antipsychotics, phenytoin, H2 blockers, opioids

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25
RUQ pain + elevated LFT
Acute cholecystitis
26
Why are vasoconstrictors used with anesthetics
Hemostasis improvement, reduction o systemic absorption, prolonged duration of anesthetic
27
2 initial tx for actinic keratosis
5-fluorouracil and liquid nitrogen
28
Tx of choice for Graves in first trimester
PTU | Use methimazole in 2nd and 3rd trimesters
29
Causa Equina syndrome occurs where
Below L2
30
Sx opioid withdrawal
Muscle aches, agitation, sweating, vomiting
31
Sx dig toxicity
V Fib, fatigue, visual changes, bradycardia
32
Gout prevention meds
Allopurinol, Colchicine, Febuxostat, Probenecid
33
CN motor only
3, 4, 6, 11, 12
34
Where are CCBs metabolized
Liver
35
Common cause of catheter associated UTI in men
Proteus bacteria | Tx: Bactrim
36
CI to steroid use
Peptic ulcers
37
Initial tx of hidradenitis suppurative
12 weeks of oral tetracycline if fails try clindamycin + rifampicin If fails try Humira or Acitretin
38
Valve failure in rheumatic fever
Mitral Valve Stenosis
39
1st line test to diagnosis vaginal candidiasis
Direct visualization of vaginal discharge using wet prep
40
Morbiliform rash after giving penicillin to someone with a virus
Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction | Can occur up to 1 year after mono
41
Penicillins
DOES NOT COVER STAPH | Use for strep infections
42
Bactrim
G- and MRSA Not strep or E Coli Save for MRSA suspected
43
Doxycyline
G-, atypicals, MRSA | Good choice for atypical pathogens and lower respiratory pathogens
44
1st gen cephalosporins
Cephalexin + Cefadroxil G+ staph and strep NO MRSA
45
2nd gen ceph
``` Cefuroxime Cefaclor Cefprozil G+ and G- Staph, strep, H Flu, E Coli NOT MRSA ```
46
3rd gen ceph
Cefixime Weak G+, G- NOT staph
47
Extended spectrum 3rd gen ceph
``` Cephtriaxone Cefdinir Cefpodoxime G+ and G- and beta lactamase producers BIG GUN ABX ```
48
Macrolides
staph + atypicals | NOT STREP
49
Fluoroquinolones
Cipro: G- and atyplicals (3rd choice after macrolide and doxy) Levaquin: kills everything
50
Flagyl
anaerobes C diff or C sp Use in the gut
51
Clindamycin
MRSA G+ and anaerobes Deep tooth abscesses BAD SE
52
Screening for DM
Annually if BMI >25 and 1+ risk factors | Every 3 years if >45 years
53
Target A1Cs
<7% most adults <8% elderly <6% type 1 or pregnant
54
Meds that can cause increased risk of type 2 DM
Steroids, HCTZ, atypical antipsychotics, statins
55
Every diabetic should be started on
Statin
56
Recommended BP for DM
<130/80
57
Foot exam for diabeic
Every 3 months
58
Dilated eye exam for diabetic
Annually and onset of T2DM and 5 years after T1DM
59
A1C check for diabetics
Every 3 months if not at goal; every 6 months if at goal
60
Metformin
Reduces CV risks!! Avoids hypoglycemia DO not give with active liver disease or binge drinking Reduction in all cause mortality! Decreased A1C by 1-2% MOA: decreases hepatic glucose production
61
Sulfonylurea
``` Glimepiride, Glipizide, Glyburide Increases insulin secretion SE hypoglycemia Causes weight gain Decreased A1C by 1-2% Cheap ```
62
DPP4-inhibitor
Gliptins Reduce A1C by 0.7% Expensive weight neutral
63
GLP-1 agonist
``` Exanatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide Injectable Increases production of insulin in response to elevated BG levels Weight loss 2-6 pounds never hypoglycemia Max decrease 1.5% A1C ```
64
TZDs
``` Glitazone Preserves beta cell function High dose associated with bone fractures and osteopenia CI in HF Reduces A1C by 0.7% Rarely causes hypoglycemia ```
65
SGLT2 inhibitors
Flozin Increased risk of UTI and vaginal yeast infection Weight loss Expensive
66
Consider insulin in type 2 DM when
A1C >10 or FBG >300 After maxing out on orals Pregnant
67
DM prescribing consideration
A1C > 9: Dual therapy | A1C 10-12 or FBG>300: Injectible insulin until less glucose toxic
68
3 basic questions to ask in derm
Where did the rash start? How long have you had it? Does it itch?
69
 Superficial infections of the skin
Impetigo | Tx: topical bactroban
70
Non-purulent cellulitis
Think staph | Tx: cephalexin
71
Purulent cellulitis
Think MRSA I+d first line Bactrim, clinda, doxy
72
Shingles vaccines
Zostavax: live vaccine; >60 years and immunocompetent Shringrix: dead vaccine; >50 and immunocompromised
73
Tx for ticks
Doxy | Continue for 3 days after no fever
74
Azoles vs -nafines
Azoles stop working as soon as you stop last dose | -Nafines continue to exert activity 1 week after last dose
75
Hyphae think
Fungal
76
Most common complaint in SLE
Fatigue
77
Palmar rash can be caused by
Rocky mountain spotted fever Syphilis Erythema multiforme
78
Erythema multiforme
Immune mediated reaction with targetoid lesions usually due to HSV or mycoplasma pneumoniae or medication cause Acral distribution starting on extremities
79
Lesion that looks stuck on
Seborrheic keratosis
80
Most common skin complaint in elderly
Itching due to dryness | xerosis
81
Actinic keratosis
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
82
• Papules, plaques, nodules, smooth, hyperkeratotic or ulcerative lesions; may bleed easily
Squamous cell carcinoma
83
• Pearly domed nodule with overlying telangiectasias vessels
Basal cell carcinoma
84
Abx for bites
3-5 days prophylaxis 7-10 days treatment Augmentin usually
85
Type of reaction is contact dermatitis
Type 4
86
Vehicle potency of topical medication
``` LEAST Lotion Cream Gel Ointment MOST ```
87
2 most common reasons for chronic cough
Asthma and GERD
88
Pertussis
Reportable | Tx: azithromycin
89
Tx CAP in elderly, co-morbids
Levaquin | Think DRSP
90
Tx CAP in healthy younger person
Azithromycin or Doxy
91
Tx COPD
Steroids + LABAs + LAACs | Can give LABA alone in COPD
92
First line tx of COPD exacerbation
Oral Steroids | 40mg prednisone per day for 5 days
93
1st line tx asthma
Inhaled steroid | Do not use LABA alone!
94
Decreasing asthma exacerbations is important to
Prevent progressive loss of lung function
95
If suspected DRSP and pregnant
Azithromycin + amoxicillin
96
SE of long term inhaled steroids
Cataracts and osteopenia
97
Pulmonary fibrosis characterized by
Restrictive lung disease in which total lung capacity, vital capacity and diffusion of CO are all reduced To test: perform CO diffusing capacity test
98
Hemochromatosis
Inherited; increased iron absorption; accumulated iron in the liver causes cirrhosis; hyperpigmentation in the skin and DM in pancreas and arthralgia are sx Tx: phlebotomy
99
Primary amyloidosis
Nephrotic syndrome, cardiomyopathy, peripheral neuropathy, hepatomegaly

Boards Review Final (4 decks)

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