Board Prep Neuro

Question 1

What does the Ventral posterior medial nucleus receive?

Answer 1

Sensory information from the face and sends it to the primary sensory cortex

Question 2

What visual field defect do you get from occlusion of the PCA?

Answer 2

Contralateral hemianopsia with macular sparing

Question 3

What hand muscles does the median nerve intervate?

Answer 3

The opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis

Question 4

What cranial nerves course through the cavernous sinuses?

Answer 4

CN III, IV, V1, V2, VI

Question 5

How will a lesion to the MLF present?

Answer 5

Internuclear opthalmoplegia: MLF is responsible for coordination between nuclei of CN III and CN VI
You will see a lack of ipsilateral adduction, and contralateral nystagmus on abduction

Question 6

What are some associations with MS and treatment?

Answer 6

Interferon Beta is the treatment

It is association with INO and HLA-DR2

Question 7

How do you treat latent tb, what are the side effects?

Answer 7

Isoniazid

B6 deficiency and hepatotoxicity

Question 8

What is tetanus?

Answer 8

Tetanus is a result of overstimulated skeletal muscle–>

increased Ca2+ extends cross-bridge cycling, not allowing the muscles to relax

Question 9

Dorsal scapular artery

Answer 9

divides around the levator at the superior angle

Question 10

What are the afferent and efferent limbs of the corneal reflex?

Answer 10

The afferent limb is CN V1

The efferent limb is CN VII

Question 11

ACA Strokes

Answer 11

Cause weakness in the contralateral LE more than UE

Question 12

Memantine

Answer 12

NMDA antagonist

used for Alzheimer’s

Question 13

Uncal herniations

Answer 13

Occur when the medial aspect of the temporal bone herniates across the tentorium
results in compression of CNIII & pyramidal tracts

Question 14

Ataxia-telangiectasia

Answer 14

AR disorder most commonly presenting in 2 y/o

develop progessive cerebellar ataxia, abnormal eye movement, telangiectasias, Sinopulmonary infections

Question 15

Trochlear nerve

Answer 15

Innervates the superior oblique muscle, which is necessary to move the eye downward and laterally

Question 16

Friedrich’s ataxia

Answer 16

hereditary ataxia affecting the dorsal columns and spinocerebellar tract
childhood kyphoscoliosis
progresses to neuro symptoms including falling, dysarthria, nystagmus

Question 17

Olfactory nerve damage

Answer 17

Traumatic injury to the cribriform plate at the crista galli can lead to olfactory dysfunction
suspect this in facial trauma (especially MVCs)

Question 18

Lewy body demntia

Answer 18

Parkinsonian features
waxing and waning mental state
visual HaLEWYcinations

Question 19

Worst headache of life with LP positive for xanthochromia (yellow CSF associated with SAH)

Answer 19

SAH until proven otherwise
Ehler-Danlos syndrome can predispose patients to SAH
Abnormal collagen type III protein (Ehler-Danlos)

Question 20

Huntington’s and paternal anticipation

Answer 20

AD genetic disorder cause by CAG repeats (chromosome 4)
Onset earlier than age 20 suggests inheritance from the father because the repeat sequence is less stable during spermatogenesis than oogenesis

Question 21

Painless visual loss

Answer 21

Usually due to retinal artery occlusion

The cause is cholesterol emboli and usually occurs in pt. with Risk (Hyperlipidemia, DM, CAD, HTN)

Question 22

Neurosyphilis Dx

Answer 22

Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABs)

followed by subsequent testing if positive

Question 23

Tuberous Sclerosis

Answer 23

AD condition
ash leaf spots
brown fibrous plaques
renal systs
seizures
increased incidence of Astrocytomas

Question 24

What nerve passes through the foramen rotundum

Answer 24

CN V2

sensory innervation to the ipsilateral cheek

Question 25

right hypoglossal nerve

Answer 25

found within the carotid traingle

Question 26

Left sided spatial neglect

Answer 26

right parietal lobe lesion

Question 27

oligodendroglioma

Answer 27

codeletion of chromosomes 1 p and 19 q

biopsy: centralnuclei with abundant clear cytoplasm (fried eggs)