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Wolfpacc Other > Board Prep GI > Flashcards

Board Prep GI Flashcards

1
Q

How can pancreatic insufficiency occur with CF? What are the affected enzymes?

A

Decreased Bicarb

Pancreatic lipase, colipase, phopholipases

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2
Q

How will autoimmune hepatitis present?

A

Hepatitis symptoms with normal bile ducts & autoimmune disease
Increased anti-smooth muscle antibodies

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3
Q

PSC

A

Men in their 40s, strong UC association

on ERCP “Beading” of bile ducts

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4
Q

PBC

A

middle aged women with antimitochondrial antibodies

granulomas destroy bile ducts in portal triads, CREST, RA, celiac

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5
Q

Secondary biliary cirrhosis

A

caused by obstruction of bile duct outside of liver

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6
Q

Indirect hernia

A

protrudes through the deep inguinal ring lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

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7
Q

long term anabolic steroid use

A

can lead to gynecomastia
decreased testicular size
liver damage

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8
Q

Whipples disease

A

characterized by arthritis, arthralgias, weight loss & diarrhea

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9
Q

Salmonella typhi

A

lactose negative bacteria
HS produced in culture
elicits a host immune response upregulating cAMP directly

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10
Q

Shigella dysenteriae

A

virulent lactose negative rod that invades the colon & produces protein synthesis inhibiting toxin
No HS

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11
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

A

causes pinworms

dioccious nematodes

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12
Q

Auerbach’s plexus

A

in muscularis externa

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13
Q

Meckels rule of 2s

A

2:1 male, 2 feet ilioceal

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14
Q

NPV

A

indicates how likely a pt. will come back healthy after a negative test

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15
Q

Portal HTN

A

Varices= left gastric & azygos

caput medusa = paraumbilical & inferior epigastric

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16
Q

ODDs ratio

A

(A/C)/(B/D)

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17
Q

Strongyloidiasis

A

nematode

bare feet

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18
Q

Acute mesenteric ischemia

A

causes abd pain out of proportion with exam

vaso occlusion

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19
Q

choledochal cyst

A

congenital dilation of common bile duct
segmental or cylindrical dilation of common bile duct
diverticuli of extrahepatic duct and/or cystic lesions into duodenal lumen

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20
Q

Degree surfaces involved:

1) Mucosal
2) Mucosal & submucosal
3) Transmural

A

Findings:

1) focal or diffuse erythema, edema, hemorrhage, no scar
2) ulceration, vescicles, exudates, scar with possible stricture
3) Deep ulcer, black discoloration, perferation

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21
Q

Campylobacter infections

A

common cause of inflammatory gastroenteritis and can be acquired from domestic animals
associated with Guillain-Barre

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22
Q

Systemic Mastocytosis

A

characterized by abnormal proliferation of mast cells & increased histamine release
Histamine causes hypersecretion of gastric acid by parietal cells

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23
Q

Dorsal pancreatic bud

A

forms majority of pancreatic tissue

24
Q

ventral pancreatic bud

A

uncinate process & major pancreatic duct

25
Q

Regulation of Ras-MAPK

A

requires balance between GTP & GDP

26
Q

Amatoxins (deathcap)

A

potent inhibitors of RNA polymerase II (halting mRNA)

27
Q

Acute hep B

A

can cause serum sickness-like syndrome

28
Q

Ribivirin

A

MOA is multifactorial & includes:
inducing lethal hypermutation
inhibiting RNA polymerase & inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (deplete GTP)
causing defective 5’ cap formation on viral RNA transcripts, and modulating a more effective immune response

29
Q

Hirschprungs disease

A

is a result of abnormal migration of neural crest cells during embryogenesis, rectum is always affected

30
Q

Short gastric veins

A

drain blood from fundus into splenic vein

pancreatic inflammation can cause blood clot in splenic vein causing varices in only the fundus

31
Q

lymphatic drainage of the rectum

A

proximal to dentate line –> inferior mesenteric and internal iliac
distal–> inguinal nodes

32
Q

sigmoid colon vasculature

A

femerol–> external iliac –> common iliac–> aorta–> inferior mesenteric

33
Q

acute acholecystitis

A

most often caused by gallstones

34
Q

parietal cells are primarily found

A

in the superficial region of the gastric glands

35
Q

what colors with PAS in T. whippeli

A

the glycoprotein in the cell walls

it is disease resistant

36
Q

Bioavailability

A

(AUCoral*dose IV)/(AUCiv * dose oral)

37
Q

What immuno factors in crohns?

A

TH-1, IL-2, INF-y, TNF

38
Q

IL-10

A

important for inhibiting Th1

39
Q

CMV esophagitis

A

occurs in transplant patients, typically presents with odynophagia or dysphagia that can be accompanied by fever or burning chest pain
enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions

40
Q

Achalasia

A

Chagas disease is complicated by myocarditis, DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY, megaesophagus, megacolon, and arrhythmia
Romana’s sign (edema of face and eyelid)
hepatosplenomegaly

41
Q

Patient has not had stool in the first few days after birth.

A

Meconium Ileus -> can be associated with CF
CF can affect the pancrease
Pancreatic insufficiency (treat with oral enzyme supplementation)

42
Q

Spinal levels of branches off aorta

A 
T12 = Celiac trunk
L1 = Superior mesenteric, left renal
L2 = Testicular/ovarian artery
L3 = inferior mesenteric
L4 = Bifurcation of aorta
43
Q

Glucagonomas

A

Cause necrolytic migratory erythema (affects groin, and other mucous membranes leading to glossitis, angular cheilitis, and stomatitis)

44
Q

H. Pylori increases risk of what cancer?

A

MALToma
Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma
t(11;18)

45
Q

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor

A

painless bleeding
histo used to distinguish from adenocarcinoma
stains positive for c-kit (which encodes a tyrosine kinase that is involved in cellular proliferation and differentiation)

46
Q

Damage to the vagus nerve

A

Can be caused from Nissan Fundoplication, Billroth II gastrectomy, heart transplant, and lung transplant
cause symptoms of delayed gastric empyting: N/V, bloating, weight-loss

47
Q

Angiodysplasia

A

discolored lesion that has vessel walls that are thin and without smooth muscle

48
Q

Scleroderma

A

Absent peristalsis in the lower 2/3 of the esophagus

CREST syndrome associated

49
Q

MEN I

A

caused by mutation in s Tumor Suppressor Gene MEN 1, which codes for menin

50
Q

Treated Celiac disease has increased incidence of

A

GI malignancies, particularly lymphoma

51
Q

D-xylose test

A

used to differentiate abnormalities in the mucosal absorption and enzymatic break down in patients with malabsorption

52
Q

Focal nodular hyperplasia

A

benign liver condition with a well-defined lesion with a central stellate scar

53
Q

Cirrhosis and estrogen

A

Stigmata of cirrhosis includes spider angiomas and gynecomastia, both of which are caused by increasing estrogen levels

54
Q

Metabolic abnormality with pyloric stenosis

A

Hypochloremia, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis

55
Q

Calot’s Triangle

A

inferior edge of the liver, cystic duct and common hepatic duct
the cystic artery is found inside

56
Q

Angiosarcoma of the liver

A

highly lethal malignancy associated with prolonged exposure to vinyl chloride
insidious onset

57
Q

6-MP metabolism

A

metabolism afected by allopurinol

Wolfpacc Other (10 decks)

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