BMSC 210 Module 1

Question 1

Bacteria

Answer 1

Prokaryotes
Unicellular
No organelles
Have Plastmids
One circular chromosome that has a single origin of replication

Question 2

Archaea

Answer 2

Prokaryotes
Unicelluar
Evolved from a common ancestor to Eukarya
one single circular chromosome with mutiple origins of replication
Plastmids
No organelles

Question 3

Eukarya

Answer 3

Eukaryotes
Muti or single cellular
Evolved from common ancestor as archea
Organelles are descendent from a subset of bacteria
Mutiple chormosomes with mutiple regions of replication
Rarely have plastmids
Membrane bound organeeles

Question 4

Bacteria advanced

Answer 4

Cell wall contain molecular peptidoglycan
Most bacteria do not cause disease
Bacterias form human microbes

Question 5

Archea Advanced

Answer 5

Different from rRna based on rRNA sequence
Some live in exterme enviroments
Don’t appear to directly cause human disease

Question 6

Eukarya Advanced

Answer 6

Plants, animals, microorganisms (fungi and protists) Protists are uni-cellular and are bigger than bacteria and archea
Fungi can be uni or muticellular
Protists are in protozoa and algae catagorie

Question 7

Viruses

Answer 7

Smallest microbes
cannot replicate on their own needs a host cell
Made of necleic acids and proteins
Encode for their own genetic information

Question 8

Viroids

Answer 8

Needs host to replicate like viruses
Limited to plants made of RNA
replicate thir own RNA

Question 9

Satellites

Answer 9

Nucleic acids in a protein shell
needs co-infect cells cannot infect on their own
causes animal and plant diseases

Question 10

Prions

Answer 10

Made of Proteins
causes infectious misfolded proteins

Question 11

Early Cells

Answer 11

Arose from Protein RNA and DNA
Gained diversity through microbial evolution
Single molecule that could preform all of these role
Due to the similarities of RNA and DNA RNA most likely given the rise to DNA strand

Question 12

Early cells Protein

Answer 12

FullFill the catalytic and structural roles
Catalytic proteins are enzymes that serves transportation attachment

Question 13

Early cells DNA

Answer 13

Stores information that is replicated and passed on

Question 14

Early Cell RNA

Answer 14

Converts infromation in DNA and turns into proteins

Question 15

Early Cells Theroy

Answer 15

Cells arose from this single molecule that could have perform mutiple roles

Question 16

Thomas Cech supported Cell theory

Answer 16

Thomas Cech - Discovered RNA molecule in a protist that had catalytic activity, since then other catalytic RNA has been discovered.
Discovered that RNA can store, replicate, express genetic information and catalyze

Question 17

What did the discoveries lead to?

Answer 17

RNA has an ancient origin
RNA was able to preform the catalytic, structural and hereditary to early cells
RNA birth DNA

Question 18

Koch’s Postulates

Answer 18

Designed for Bacterias (not viruses

Question 19

Postulate #1

Answer 19

Microorganism must be present in every case of disease but absent from healthy organisms

Question 20

Postulate #2

Answer 20

Suspected organism must but isolated and grown in pure cultrue

Question 21

Postulate 3

Answer 21

The same disease must result when the isolated microorganisms is inculated into a healthy host

Question 22

Endosymbiotic Theory

Answer 22

Complex eukaryotes are made up of seperate single celled organisms as they have different DNA from the eukaryotes and the smaller components

Question 23

Postulate #4

Answer 23

The same microorganism must be isolated again from the diseased host

Question 24

Experiemnt 1

Answer 24

Developed a staining technique to examine human tissue

Question 25

Experiment 2

Answer 25

Examined the disease in pure culture blood serum

Question 26

Experiment 3

Answer 26

Injected the disease into pigs then the pigs died

Question 27

Experiment 4

Answer 27

Isolated the disease in pure culture on a blood serum from the dead pigs

Question 28

The Germ Theory

Answer 28

Disease cause by microorganisms like viruses fungi and bacteria

Question 29

Germ theory Pasteur

Answer 29

Worked on fermentation which led to pasteruization (provided evidence that microorganisms caused disease and spoilage)
Development of rabie vaccine that controled and elemenated specific microbs which prevented diseases

Question 30

Germ Theory Lister

Answer 30

Antiseptic surgery techniques which proved that preventing microbial contamination can prevent diseases.

Question 31

Germ Theory Koch

Answer 31

Linked specific microorganisms to specific diseases