bmsc 210

Question 1

Heat Fixation

Answer 1

For Bacteria and Archea
Cells are dropped onto a liquid slide then dried and passed on over a flame (breifly) the heat cooks the surgar onto the cell glass which stains it permenantly

Question 2

Chemical Fixiation

Answer 2

Used on more complex parts like human tissue. Uses formaldehyde to crosslink cells onto the glass slide and preserve internal structure

Question 3

Basic Staining

Answer 3

Positivley Charged and bind to the negatively charged part of the cell

Question 4

Acidic dyes

Answer 4

Negativly charged bind to positively charged part of the cell

Question 5

Simple Staining

Answer 5

uses one dye to visualize cell size, shape and arrangement of bacterial and archaeal cells

Question 6

Differential staining

Answer 6

uses multiple dyes to distinguish different organisms

Question 7

Gram Positive

Answer 7

Retains violet dye

Question 8

Gram negative

Answer 8

Does not retain violet dye

Question 9

Gram stain

Answer 9

essential for identifying bacteria types and guiding treatment in medical microbiology

Question 10

Acid Fast staining

Answer 10

Used to identify the pathogens responsible for causing tuberculosis and leprosy
The bacteria are stained with a red dye called carbol fuchsin and then treated with acid alcohol
Acid-fast bacteria retain the red color, while non acid fast bacteria lose the color and are stained blue with the counterstain methylene blue

Question 11

Capsule staining

Answer 11

Used to visualize the protective capsule of some bacteria
The dye stains the background and the bacterial cell, but the capsule remains unstained- appearing as a clear halo around the cell against the background
Capsule is made of polysaccharides surrounding the cell

Question 12

Flagella staining

Answer 12

Used to make the flagella of bacterial cells visible
applied to the flagella making them thicker and easier to see
Helps identify bacteria and understand their motility