Blue Book Flashcards
Shock will ____ blood pressure
Decrease
Increased intracranial pressure will ____ the pulse pressure
Increase or widen
What happens when blood is administered with dextrose IVs?
The cells clump together and don’t flow well
S/S of transfusion reaction
Low back pain, wheezing, fever, hives
Three types of transfusion reactions that can occur
Hemolytic, allergic, febrile
S/S of a hemolytic transfusion reaction
(What does this do to each body system: cardiac, urinary, cns, respiratory)
Shivering, headache, low back pain, increased pulse and respirations, decreasing blood pressure, oliguria, and hematuria
S/S of febrile transfusion reaction
Low back pain, shaking, headache, increasing temperature, confusion, hemoptysis
S\S of an allergic reaction to a transfusion
Hives, wheezing, pruritus, joint pain (arthralgia)
Test to identify Rh factor
Coombs test. Detects antibodies to Rh
Universal donor
O
Universal recipient
AB
In the rule of nines, the head and neck receive ___, each arm receives ___
9%, 9%
In the rule of nines, the front trunk gets ___, each leg gets ___, and a genitalia get ___
18%, 18%, 1%
What is the only IM given to a burn patient
Tetanus toxoid - if they have a previous immunization
Tetanus antitoxin - if they have never been immunized before (or immunoglobulin)
Three phases of burns
Shock, diuretic, recovery
Fluid moves from ____ to ____ in the shock phase
Bloodstream, interstitial space
During shock phase of a burn, is potassium, increased or decreased
Increased, because of the cells being damaged. The potassium is released from the damaged cells.
What acid base and balance is seen in the shock phase of a burn
Metabolic acidosis
In the diuretic phase, K+ levels will fall or rise
Fall- remember diuresis always causes hypokalemia
What is curlings ulcer? Why is it a problem in burn pts? What drug prevents it?
It’s a stress ulcer, you get these with any severe physical stress
Protonix, Prilosec, Pepcid, Tagamet, Zantac, any H2 receptor antagonist
In abruptio placenta the placenta____ from the uterine wall ____
Separates, prematurely
How is abruptia placenta different from that in placenta previa; pain, blood loss
Usually painful, bleeding is more voluminous in previa
Abruptio placentas birth
C-section
Children at highest risk for seizure activity, after ingestion are those who have swallowed ____ and ____
Drugs and insecticides
Antibiotic most commonly given to clients with acne
Tetracycline
Instructions to give a client taking tetracycline (how to take this and what to avoid)
Take on an empty stomach and avoid sunlight
CD4 count of under ___ is associated with the onset of aids related symptoms
500
CD4 count of under___ is associated with the onset of opportunistic infections
200
Which two classes of drugs are given in combination for HIV sero-positivity
NRTIs and PIs
Typical pneumonia of AIDS is caused by
Pneumocystis pneumonia
Kaposi’s sarcoma is cancer of the
Skin
What organism causes acute glomerulonephritis
Group A beta hemolytic strep
What happens to the kidney in AGN?
It becomes clogged with antigen antibody complexes, which then cause inflammation and loss of function
Will the patient have hypo or hyper tension with AGN?
Hypertension because of fluid retention
Age range and developmental task for early adulthood
19-36
Intimacy versus isolation
Age range and developmental task for middle adulthood
35-64
Generatively vs. Stagnation.
Age range and developmental task for later adulthood
64- death
Ego integrity versus despair
1 contracture problem after BKA
Flexion of the knee
What artery is widened in a thoracic aneurysm?
Aorta
An aneurysm can result from ___ and from ___
Infection and syphilis
What aneurysm is known as the silent aneurysm?
The abdominal aneurysm
An aneurysm will most affect which of the following the blood pressure or the pulse
The pulse. Many times the aneurysm will rupture and blood will be lost before the blood pressure starts to change.
What class of drugs is the client with an aneurysm most likely to be on
Antihypertensives
How would you know if an aneurysm has ruptured
Decreased LOC, restlessness, tachycardia, htn (a sign of shock)
What causes angina pectoris?
Decreased blood supply to the myocardium, resulting in ischemia and pain
What is the action of nitro?
Dilates coronary arteries to increase blood supply and reduce preload
Top two side effects of nitro
Hypotension and headache
Pulse rate of anorexics is tachycardic or bradycardic
Bradycardic
Five criteria recorded on an Apgar scale
Cardiac status, respiratory affect, muscle tone, neuromuscular irritability, and color
Acrocyanosis
Temporary cyanotic condition usually in newborns resulting in a bluish color around the lips, hands and fingernails feet and toenails. May last for a few hours and disappear with warning.
Most common complication of appendicitis
Peritonitis
What is the name of the RLQ abdominal pain where appendicitis pain finally localizes
McBurney’s point
To lessen pain place (appendicitis pt) in ___ position
Fowlers
Pt with calcium nephrolithiasis diet should be
Acid ash
Primary diet for tx of Utica acid nephrolithiasis (low—)
Low purine
In general, cancer drugs have side effects in which three body systems
GI
Hematologic
Integumentary
3 hematologic side effects of chemo
Thrombocytopenia
Leukopenia
Anemia
3 objective s/s of thrombocytopenia (P.E.E)
Petechiae
Epistaxis
Ecchymosis
3 most common drugs given to women with CD in pregnancy
Diuretics
Heprin
Digitalis
Why is dig given to women with CD in pregnancy
To increase the strength of a heart, and decrease the rate, Rest the Heart while making it more efficient
Why is heparin given to women with CD in pregnancy
To prevent thrombophlebitis due to venous congestion, usually in legs
What causes cast syndrome; s/s
Anxiety and stress leading to sympathoadrena (shut-down of the bowels) from being in a full body cast. Nausea and vomiting due to bowel obstruction.
Traction is used to ___ and ___ a fracture, relieve ____ ___ and prevent ___
Reduced and immobilize
Muscle spasm
Deformities
Define cataracts
Opacity of the lens
Three most common visual defects occurring with cataracts
Cloudiness
Double vision
Photophobia
Avoid what movements after cataract surgery
Coughing
Sneezing
Bending at the waist
Straining at stool
Rubbing or touching eyes
Rapid head movements
What drugs are given preoperatively for cataracts surgery
Mydriatics
Dilators
Antibiotics
Pts with celiacs don’t absorb which mineral
Iron
Pts with celiac don’t absorb fats, so they don’t absorb ___ ____ ____
Fat soluble vitamins, A, D, E, K
Malabsorption of which vit leads to a bleeding disorder
Vit K
Central line dressings to be changed
Every other day
3 types of CVA
Embolus
Thrombus
Hemmorrage
What is hemianopsia
Not being able to see one half of the field of vision
Pt doesn’t understand incoming language they have ___ aphasia
Receptive
What is global aphasia
Both expressive and receptive
What is apraxia
The loss of the ability to perform purposeful, skilled acts (brushing teeth)
Three most common reasons for a colostomy
Cancer
Diverticulitis
Ulcerative Colitis
R sided CHF means; s/s
Right ventricle has decompensated
Dependent edema
JVD
Hepatomegaly
Splenomegaly
Anorexia and nausea
Weight gain
Nocturia diuresis
Swelling of fingers and hands
Increased blood pressure
When cardiac output fails, three ways to heart will try to compensate
Ventricle hypertrophy
Dilate
Heart rate will increase
What does cardiac decompensation mean
That the compensatory mechanisms (hypertrophy, dilation, tachycardia) are not working and the heart has failed
When do you hold digitalis:
Adult
Child
Infant
<60
<70
<90
What complication is common in CHF?
Pulmonary edema
Four most common toxic affects of digitalis
Anorexia
Nausea and vomiting
Yellow vision
Arrhythmias
Cushing syndrome is ____ secretion of _____, ______ and ______ ______ by the _____ ______
Over of glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids, androgenic hormones
Adrenal glands
Cush man
Moon face with infection
Buffalo hump
Big trunk
Thin extremities
Loses potassium
Keeps glucose and salt
Has striations on abdomen and breasts
Gynecomastia
Hyrsutism
Amenorrhea (if F)
Pts with Cushing will have
____natremia
____kalemia
____glycemia
Hyper
Hypo
Hyper
Glands affected in CF
Exocrine
Top two nursing dx for pts with CF
Decreased airway clearance
Altered nutrition or absorption
Iontophoresis- sweat test’s for
CF
What two systems/organs are the most problematic in CF
Lungs
Pancreas
How to evaluate activity pancreas in pt with CF
Observe stool for steatorrhea (oily, smelly, floating stool)
Major problem in CF
Increased viscosity of the secretions of exocrine glands leading to obstruction
Most common intervention for CF pt with a dx of decreased airway clearance is
Postural drainage
Child with CF probably had hx of ____ ____ at birth
Meconium ileus - bowel obstruction due to thickness of stool
Structures in brain most affected by Parkinson’s
Basal ganglia
What drugs can cause a Parkinson’s-like syndrome
Haldol
Major tranquilizers
Drugs that end in -azine
Four drugs used to teat Parkinson’s
Levodopa
Carbidopa- levodopa (sinement)
Selegiline
Amantadine
