blud Flashcards
cancer of plasma cells
Myeloma
antibody in high levels (> 50 % time)
IgG
monoclonal paraprotein
IgG
protein in urine in myeloma
bence jones protein
cancerous plasma cells in bone marrow –> bone marrow infiltration: what does this cause?
- low RBC –> anaemia
- low neutrophils –> neutropenia
- low platelets –> thrombocytopenia
what is myeloma bone disease due to?
- increased osteoclast activity
- reduced osteoblast activity
(therefore more bone is being absorbed than constructed)
what do plasma cells & stromal cells in myeloma produce?
cytokines
patches of thin bone called?
osteolytic lesions
electrolyte raised in myeloma & why?
hypercalcaemia
due to raised osteoclastic activity leading to calcium being reabsorbed into blood
how does myeloma cause renal failure?
high calcium & dehydration & bisphosphonates can be harmful to kidney
high levels of immunoglobulins can block flow through tubules
how is the blood affected in multiple myeloma?
high levels of immunoglobulins in the blood –> increase plasma viscosity
- easy bruising
- easy bleeding
- reduced/sight loss due to eye vascular disease
- purplish palmar erythema
- HF
multiple myeloma pneumonic
CRAB
- hypercalcaemia
- renal failure
- anaemia (normocytic normochromic)
- bony lesions
type of anaemia in multiple myeloma
normocytic normochromic anaemia
blood tests & results in multiple myeloma (4)
FBC - anaemia
U+E - hypercalcaemia
ESR - raised
Plasma viscosity - raised
investigations for multiple myeloma (BLIP)
Bence jones protein
serum free LIGHT chain assay
Immunoglobulins
Protein electrophoresis
