Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

oh > Bloodborne Pathogens > Flashcards

Bloodborne Pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

What are bloodborne pathogens?

A

microorganisms found in human blood, examples include:

hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is HBV transmitted?

A

needles, sex, body fluid contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which HBV marker indicates an active infection?

A

HBsAg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does IgG against HBs mean?

A

clears the virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does IgG against HBc mean?

A

infected with HBV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does IgG against all HBV markers mean?

A

full recovery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the Hepatitis B markers?

A

HBsAg, Anti-HBc, Anti-HBs, Anti-HBe, HBeAg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many Americans are infected by HBV a year?

A

12 million Americans (1 in 20)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How infectious is HBV?

A

very, 10% of infected people become infectious for life (active carriers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the symptoms of HBV? What are the fractions (no symptoms, flu-like, severe)
What may HBV lead to? (think what is HEPATITIS)

A

jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea

-1/3 no symptoms, 1/3 flu-like, 1/3 severe

liver cancer, chronic liver disease, death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

For how long can HBV survive in dried blood?

A

up to 1 week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a fact about Hepatitis C?

A

it is the most common bloodborne infection in the US, it affects 4x more people than HIV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How long is HCV asymptomatic?

A

10-20 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What percent of people that had HCV are carriers (infectious for life)?

A

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is there a vaccine for HCV?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is HCV transmitted?

A

IV drug use
unsafe medical procedures
-unsterile instruments
-reused needles
-needle sticks or cuts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the treatment success with HCV?

A

45% (HCV1) to 75% (HCV2/3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the number 1 cause of liver transplant in the US?

A

HCV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When is the HIV risk the highest?

A

with needle stick or mucus membrane contact
-100X less than risk of HBV infection via needlestick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How many people are currently living with HIV?

A

> 1.1 million (outdated info)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are some other examples of bloodborne pathogens?
(another type of hepatitis, a mosquito disease, prion brain disease)

A

HDV, syphilis, malaria, relapsing fever, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are some other things to be exposed to?
(human stuff, animal stuff)

A

human blood fluids, unfixed tissue/human organs, cultures, experimental animal blood/tissues/organs infected with HIV or HBV

23
Q

What are the four ways for bloodborne pathogens to be spread?

A

direct contact, indirect contact, respiratory transmission, vector-borne transmission

24
Q

How does exposure occur?

A

needlesticks, cuts from other contaminated sharps, contact of mucous or broken skin with contaminated blood or OPIM (OTHER POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS MATERIALS)

25
What are occupations at risk?
first responders, housekeeping personnel, nurses
26
What are occupations at risk?
first responders, housekeeping personnel, nurses/doctors
27
The CDC estimates that ___ million workers are at risk for bloodborne infections?
5.6
28
What are the three required elements of an Exposure Control Plan (ECP)?
exposure determination, schedule and method of implementation, procedure for evaluation of exposure incidents
29
How often should one review and update an ECP?
Annually, or when new tasks/procedures are introduced
30
What are three work practice controls? (use safer, use ___ containers, use _____ hygiene)
use safer medical devices, use sharps disposal containers, use hand hygiene
31
What are some examples of PPE?
gloves, masks, aprons/smocks, face shields, mouthpieces, CPR pocket masks
32
What are the responsibilities of the employer? PERFORM ___ IDENTIFY AND PROVIDE ___ TRAIN ___ MAINTAIN __ REVIEW ___
perform hazard assessment, identify and provide appropriate PPE, train employees, maintain PPE, review PPE program
33
How do you control exposures?
select good, safe PPE do required PPE training (when PPE is necessary, what kind is necessary, how to properly use it, how to care for it)
34
Do you pick up broken glass with your hands?
No. Mechanical means (tongs)
35
How to hand wash?
wash hands immediately after removing PPE, even if not visibly contaminated - 20-30 seconds -use a soft antibacterial soap -a hand sanitizer can be used, but wash with soap and water as soon as possible afterward -wet hands with warm, running water, apply soap, lather well -rub hands vigorously for 20-30 seconds -scrub backs of hands, wrists, between fingers and under fingernails -rinse well, dry hands with a disposable towel -use the towel to turn off faucet
36
How do you do proper clean-up and contamination? what solution do you use? how long do you leave the solution on the surface?
-clean surfaces with 10% bleach solutions or other EPA-approved disinfectant -do an initial wipe up -spray with disinfectant and allow it to stand for 10 minutes, then wipe up -dispose of all wipes and use PPE in biohazard containers
37
How do you dispose regulated waste?
in closable, leak-proof red or biohazard labelled bags
38
Who should a hepatitis B vaccine be given to? offered to ___ provided at no cost (within ___ days) ____ form
offered to all potentially exposed employees, provided at no cost to employees (within 10 days of exposure), declination form
39
Are there vaccinations for hepatitis C or HIV?
No.
40
What are three immediate actions to be undertaken after an exposure incident and in what order? (WASH ___, CONTACT ___ AND COMPLETE ____ , TREAT ALL ____)
wash exposed area with soap and water, flush splashes of water to skin/nose/mouth, irrigate eyes with water and saline CONTACT EMPLOYER, COMPLETE ACCIDENT REPORT TREAT ALL FLUIDS/BLOOD AS POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS
41
What is the #1 mode of transmission of bloodborne pathogens?
accidental needlestick
42
What is estimated survival on a surface of HBV, HCV, HIV?
HBV: 7 days HCV: 16 hours - 4 days HIV: few hours
43
What is the risk of picking up bloodborne pathogens from a surface?
low risk if standard precautions are practiced
44
What is the risk of infection after a positive needlestick?
HBV - 30% if unvaccinated HCV - 2% HIV - 0.3%
45
What must sharps disposal containers be?
closable, puncture resistant, leakproof, labelled
46
Should you ever use 2 hands to recap a needle?
no
47
What do signs and labels do? communicate ___ place regulated waste in containers with a _____
labels communicate a hazard place regulated waste in containers that have universal biohazard symbol
48
What happens in an exposure incident? contact with _____ wash ____ report ____ ____ are offered
an incident of contact with potentially infectious bodily fluid --must have infiltration of skin surface, mucous membranes or open skin break to be considered an occupational exposure -wash contact area thoroughly -report all accidents involving blood or bodily fluids -post-exposure medical evaluations are offered
49
What happens after exposure incident? medical ___ document ____ identify ____ and test ___ provide results to _____
medical evaluation, document the route of exposure, identify the source individual and test their blood, provide results to exposed employee
50
Is the hepatitis B good?
YES!!!! strongly endorsed by medical communities offered to all at risk employees provided at no cost to employees
51
How do you protect yourself?
review ECP AND OSHA regulations, take standard precautions & PPE, no eating/drinking, get the HBV contamination
52
Is an uncapped syringe sharps exposure?
Yes
53
What is the universal precautions method?
a method of infection control where all OPIM are handled if they are known to be infectious
54
What programs can employers misuse against workers in retaliation for reporting injuries?
disciplinary programs, drug-testing, incentive programs

oh (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions