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microanatomy IV > Blood Vessels II > Flashcards

Blood Vessels II Flashcards

1
Q

What type of intermediate filaments does an endothelial cell have?

A

Desmin and vimentin

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2
Q

What do endothelial cells secrete in their basal lamina?

A
  1. Type I, III, IV, V collagens
  2. Fibronectin and laminin
  3. Coagulants and anticoagulants
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3
Q

What is the average lifespan of an endothelial cell?

A

150-180 days

- relatively slow renewing

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4
Q

Is intact endothelium thrombogenic?

A

no0o

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5
Q

What do endothelial cells share their basal lamina with?

A

Pericytes

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6
Q

Is a pericyte’s nuclei heterochromatic or euchromatic?

A

Heterochromatic

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7
Q

What are the functions of pericytes?

A
  1. some capable of contraction to regulate blood flow

2. can be stem cells for endothelial and smooth muscle cells after injury

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8
Q

What are the most common type of capillaries?

A

Continuous capillaries

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9
Q

Where are continuous capillaries found?

A
  • Muscle system
  • nervous system
  • connective tissue
  • exocrine system
  • pancreas
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10
Q

How would you describe continuous capillaries?

A
  • endothelial cells are sealed by tight junctions

- permit the passage of small molecules

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11
Q

Where are fenestrated capillaries found?

A
  • pancreas
  • intestines
  • endocrine glands
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12
Q

What is unique about the fenestrated capillaries found in the renal glomerulus?

A

-there is not a diaphragm

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13
Q

What are the size of a typical fenestrae?

A

60-80 nm

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14
Q

How would you describe fenestrated capillaries?

A

Continuous, but thin endothelium and basal lamina, covered by a diaphragm
-specialized for rapid exchange

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15
Q

Where are sinusoidal capillaries found?

A

-endocrine glands

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16
Q

Where are discontinuous sinusoids found?

A
  • liver

- bone marrow

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17
Q

Where are venous sinusoids found?

A
  • spleen
18
Q

How would you describe a sinusoid?

A
  • irregular blood channels that conform to the shape of the structure they line
  • large gaps btwn endothelial cells permits enhanced exchange btwn blood and tissue
19
Q

In which structure are the diaphragms larger, Discontinuous sinusoids or fenestrated capillaries?

A

discontinuous sinusoids

20
Q

Small pores of capillaries:

  1. what are their size
  2. where are they found
  3. what do they allow to pass
A
  1. 9-10 nm
  2. occluding junctions (tight)
  3. water and small hydrophilic molecules
21
Q

Large pores of capillaries:

  1. what are their size
  2. what occurs through them
A
  1. 50-70 nm

2. transcytosis by vesicles

22
Q

Which are more numerous - veins or arteries?

A

veins - 70% of total volume

23
Q

Which has more vasa vasorum and lymphatics - veins or arteries?

A

veins

24
Q

which has more collagen and less elastic substance and smooth muscle - veins or arteries?

A

veins

25
Q

In what size veins are valves in? what composes a valve?

A

small and medium veins

-infolding of intima with an elastic core

26
Q

Describe a large vein:

  1. Intima
  2. Media
  3. Adventitia
A
  1. Intima
    - Continuous Endothelium and basal lamina
    - Subendothelial CT (no internal elastic lamina)
  2. Media – frequently incomplete or absent
    - CT, SM
  3. Adventitia – largest, 95% of thickness
    - SM in long bundles – defining feature
    - Well developed vasa vasorum and lymphatic’s
27
Q

Describe a medium and small vein:

  1. Intima
  2. Media
  3. Adventitia
A
  1. Intima
    - Continuous endothelium and basal lamina
    - Complete internal elastic laminae only found in veins of the leg
    - some valves
  2. Media – poorly developed except in the limbs
    - CT fibers
    - 2-3 layers circumferential SM
  3. Adventitia – thickest tunic, no smooth muscle
    Collagen layers with fibroblasts, lymphatic’s, vasa vasorum, elastic fibers
28
Q

Describe a venule:

  1. Intima
  2. Media
  3. Adventitia
A
  1. Intima
    - Endothelium
  2. Media
    - Sparse CT, few SM
  3. Adventitia
    - Some Collagen
29
Q

How would you compare venules to arterioles?

A
  1. larger diameter

2. no smooth muscle

30
Q

What are some functions of venules?

A
  • allow exchange

- leukocyte emmigration

31
Q

In response to what two subtances, can venules become leaky?

A

histamine and serotonin

32
Q

What is the diameter of pericytic venules and what do they resemble?

A
  1. 10-50 microns

2. resemble large capillaries

33
Q

what is the function of muscular venules?

A

-receive blood from pericytic venules and accompany arterioles

34
Q

Describe the adventitia of muscular venules?

A

1-2 layers of smooth muscle and thin adventitia

35
Q

What are portal systems?

A
  • carry blood from one capillary to another
36
Q

What are 3 examples of portal systems?

A
  1. hepatic portal vein btwn intestines and liver
  2. hypophyseal portal veins of the pituitary
  3. efferent arterioles of the renal cortex
37
Q

What are arteriovenous anastomoses?

A
  • direct cross connections btwn arterioles and venules
  • allows bypass of a capillary bed
  • smooth muscle cells form a sphincter which regulates blood flow
38
Q

How would you describe lymphatic vessels?

A
  • large lumens, thin walls, irregular shapes
  • similar to veins but more irregular
  • branch parallel to capillaries and veins
39
Q

What is the basal lamina of lymphatic vessels like?

A

-discontinuous or absent

40
Q

How are lymphatic vessels held open?

A

elastic anchoring filaments

41
Q

Are RBCs found in lymphatics?

A

N0OO0O

microanatomy IV (3 decks)

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