blood vessels I Flashcards
list the 5 functions of blood vessels
- allow for exchange of gases
- carry nutrients to tissue
- carry metabolic wastes away
- carry hormones and signaling substances
- maintain quality and quantity of tissue fluid
list the 3 concentric layers around the blood vessel lumen
tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia
what is the internal elastic lamina?
it is found in arteris in the tunica intima and borders the media
it is a fenestrated (“having windows”) layer of elastin
list 3 components of the tunica intima
- endothlium
- basal lamina
- subendothelial layer of loose connective tissue (may contain smooth muscle cells)
list the components of tunica media
- smooth muscle
- various amounts of elastic fibers and lamellae
- reticular fibers
- proteoglycans
what is the external elastic lamina?
seen in the tunica media in larger vessels
list 3 things that make up the tunica adventitia
fibroblasts
type 1 collagen
elastic fibers
what is vaso vasorum
seen in larger vessels in the tunica adventitia and portion of the media
provides nutrients via small vessels to the vessel wall
(veins will have more extensive vaso vasorum)
what is the function of the tunica intima?
form a permeable or semi-permeable barrier
what is the function of the tunica media?
controls diameter, blood pressure and movement
what is the function of the tunica adventitia?
provides physical support, attaches vessels to tissue and caries vessels and nerves
what is the endocardium?
it is homologous to the intima of blood vessels (but to the heart)
lines the atria and ventricles
composed of endothelium and subendothelial layers of connective tissue
what is the myocardium
homologous to the media of blood vessels
thickest layer of the heart wall and is composed of cardiac muscle
this is thicker in the ventricles than artria
what is the epicardium?
homologous to the adventitia of blood vessels
forms surface of the heart and is anatomically defined as the visceral layer of the pericardium
what is the epicardium composed of?
mesothelium and a subepicardial layer of loose connective tissue that contains nerves, adipose and coronary blood vessels
an intima that has endothelium and an inconspicuous internal elastic lamina is describing what type of vessel; large elastic artery, muscular artery or arteriole?
large elastic artery
ex. ascending aorta
an intima that has endothelium and may or may not have an internal elastic lamina is describing what type of vessel; large elastic artery, muscular artery or arteriole?
arteriole
an intima that has endothelium and a thick internal elastic lamina is describing what type of vessel; large elastic artery, muscular artery or arteriole?
muscular artery
ex. coronary artery
an adventitia that is thin is characteristic of what type of vessel; large elastic artery, muscular artery or arteriole?
large elastic artery and a muscular artery
an adventitia that is made up of loose connective tissue only is characteristic of what type of vessel; large elastic artery, muscular artery or arteriole?
an arteriole
a media that has 40-70 elastic lamellae is characteristic of what type of vessel; large elastic artery, muscular artery or arteriole?
large elastic artery
a media that has 6-39 smooth muscle layers and maybe an external elastic lamellae is characteristic of what type of vessel; large elastic artery, muscular artery or arteriole?
muscular artery
a media that has 1-5 smooth muscle layers is characteristic of what type of vessel; large elastic artery, muscular artery or arteriole?
arteriole
the brachiocephalic, common carotid and the subclavin are considered what type of arteries?
large elastic conducting arteries
what are weibel-palade bodies?
membrane bound inclusions (granules) that have a dense matrix containing von willebrand factor seen in the intima of large elastic conducting arteries
what is the name for transitional segments that are between large and medium arteries
mixed, musculo-elastic arteries
what type of artery is this description describing?
“media and adventitia are same thickness, media has few elastic lamellae and there is a more obvious internal elastic membrane”
mixed, musculo-elastic arteries
such as iliac arteries, external carotids and axillary arteries
what type of artery is this description describing?
“thin intima with prominent internal elastic lamima (may be wavy in appearance), relatively thick media with an EEL that gets thinner and can disappear and an adventitia that may be as thick as the media”
medium, muscular, distributing arteries
ex. coronary, renal, brachial femoral and mesenteric arteries
what is the function of arterioles?
maintain normal blood pressure in the arterial system and reduce the pressure of the blood entering the capillaries
describe the adventitia layer in an arteriole
moderate to scant
describe the media layer in an arteriole
composed of 1-5 smooth muscle layers
describe the intima layer in an arteriole
only has a thin subendothelial layer of reticular fibers and the internal elastic membrane is absent in the smallest arterioles
what is a metarteriole?
precapillary sphincter that regulates blood flow into the capillaries from the arterioles
at what age do the 3 tunics complete?
during 4th month in utero
the “aging process” involves what two blood vessel layers?
the intima and the media
after age 30, what happens to the media layer of the blood vessels?
becomes stiffer due to increase in elastic lamellae and deposition of collagen and proteoglycans
Name some examples of a large elastic artery?
ascending aorta brachiocephalic common carotid subclavian renal brachial femoral mesenteric
Name an example of a muscular artery
coronary artery
Name examples of mixed musculo-elastic arteries
- iliac arteries
- external carotids
- axillary arteries
