blood vessels I

Question 1

list the 5 functions of blood vessels

Answer 1

1. allow for exchange of gases
2. carry nutrients to tissue
3. carry metabolic wastes away
4. carry hormones and signaling substances
5. maintain quality and quantity of tissue fluid

Question 2

list the 3 concentric layers around the blood vessel lumen

Answer 2

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia

Question 3

what is the internal elastic lamina?

Answer 3

it is found in arteris in the tunica intima and borders the media
it is a fenestrated (“having windows”) layer of elastin

Question 4

list 3 components of the tunica intima

Answer 4

• endothlium
• basal lamina
• subendothelial layer of loose connective tissue (may contain smooth muscle cells)

Question 5

list the components of tunica media

Answer 5

• smooth muscle
• various amounts of elastic fibers and lamellae
• reticular fibers
• proteoglycans

Question 6

what is the external elastic lamina?

Answer 6

seen in the tunica media in larger vessels

Question 7

list 3 things that make up the tunica adventitia

Answer 7

fibroblasts
type 1 collagen
elastic fibers

Question 8

what is vaso vasorum

Answer 8

seen in larger vessels in the tunica adventitia and portion of the media
provides nutrients via small vessels to the vessel wall
(veins will have more extensive vaso vasorum)

Question 9

what is the function of the tunica intima?

Answer 9

form a permeable or semi-permeable barrier

Question 10

what is the function of the tunica media?

Answer 10

controls diameter, blood pressure and movement

Question 11

what is the function of the tunica adventitia?

Answer 11

provides physical support, attaches vessels to tissue and caries vessels and nerves

Question 12

what is the endocardium?

Answer 12

it is homologous to the intima of blood vessels (but to the heart)
lines the atria and ventricles
composed of endothelium and subendothelial layers of connective tissue

Question 13

what is the myocardium

Answer 13

homologous to the media of blood vessels
thickest layer of the heart wall and is composed of cardiac muscle
this is thicker in the ventricles than artria

Question 14

what is the epicardium?

Answer 14

homologous to the adventitia of blood vessels

forms surface of the heart and is anatomically defined as the visceral layer of the pericardium

Question 15

what is the epicardium composed of?

Answer 15

mesothelium and a subepicardial layer of loose connective tissue that contains nerves, adipose and coronary blood vessels

Question 16

an intima that has endothelium and an inconspicuous internal elastic lamina is describing what type of vessel; large elastic artery, muscular artery or arteriole?

Answer 16

large elastic artery

ex. ascending aorta

Question 17

an intima that has endothelium and may or may not have an internal elastic lamina is describing what type of vessel; large elastic artery, muscular artery or arteriole?

Answer 17

arteriole

Question 18

an intima that has endothelium and a thick internal elastic lamina is describing what type of vessel; large elastic artery, muscular artery or arteriole?

Answer 18

muscular artery

ex. coronary artery

Question 19

an adventitia that is thin is characteristic of what type of vessel; large elastic artery, muscular artery or arteriole?

Answer 19

large elastic artery and a muscular artery

Question 20

an adventitia that is made up of loose connective tissue only is characteristic of what type of vessel; large elastic artery, muscular artery or arteriole?

Answer 20

an arteriole

Question 21

a media that has 40-70 elastic lamellae is characteristic of what type of vessel; large elastic artery, muscular artery or arteriole?

Answer 21

large elastic artery

Question 22

a media that has 6-39 smooth muscle layers and maybe an external elastic lamellae is characteristic of what type of vessel; large elastic artery, muscular artery or arteriole?

Answer 22

muscular artery

Question 23

a media that has 1-5 smooth muscle layers is characteristic of what type of vessel; large elastic artery, muscular artery or arteriole?

Answer 23

arteriole

Question 24

the brachiocephalic, common carotid and the subclavin are considered what type of arteries?

Answer 24

large elastic conducting arteries

Question 25

what are weibel-palade bodies?

Answer 25

membrane bound inclusions (granules) that have a dense matrix containing von willebrand factor seen in the intima of large elastic conducting arteries

Question 26

what is the name for transitional segments that are between large and medium arteries

Answer 26

mixed, musculo-elastic arteries

Question 27

what type of artery is this description describing? "media and adventitia are same thickness, media has few elastic lamellae and there is a more obvious internal elastic membrane"

Answer 27

mixed, musculo-elastic arteries | such as iliac arteries, external carotids and axillary arteries

Question 28

what type of artery is this description describing? "thin intima with prominent internal elastic lamima (may be wavy in appearance), relatively thick media with an EEL that gets thinner and can disappear and an adventitia that may be as thick as the media"

Answer 28

medium, muscular, distributing arteries | ex. coronary, renal, brachial femoral and mesenteric arteries

Question 29

what is the function of arterioles?

Answer 29

maintain normal blood pressure in the arterial system and reduce the pressure of the blood entering the capillaries

Question 30

describe the adventitia layer in an arteriole

Answer 30

moderate to scant

Question 31

describe the media layer in an arteriole

Answer 31

composed of 1-5 smooth muscle layers

Question 32

describe the intima layer in an arteriole

Answer 32

only has a thin subendothelial layer of reticular fibers and the internal elastic membrane is absent in the smallest arterioles

Question 33

what is a metarteriole?

Answer 33

precapillary sphincter that regulates blood flow into the capillaries from the arterioles

Question 34

at what age do the 3 tunics complete?

Answer 34

during 4th month in utero

Question 35

the "aging process" involves what two blood vessel layers?

Answer 35

the intima and the media

Question 36

after age 30, what happens to the media layer of the blood vessels?

Answer 36

becomes stiffer due to increase in elastic lamellae and deposition of collagen and proteoglycans

Question 37

Name some examples of a large elastic artery?

Answer 37

``` ascending aorta brachiocephalic common carotid subclavian renal brachial femoral mesenteric ```

Question 38

Name an example of a muscular artery

Answer 38

coronary artery

Question 39

Name examples of mixed musculo-elastic arteries

Answer 39

- iliac arteries - external carotids - axillary arteries