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Bloc C - Circulation > Blood vessels (Histology) Oct31 M3 > Flashcards

Blood vessels (Histology) Oct31 M3 Flashcards

1
Q

efferent vessels def

A

arteries (supply blood)

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2
Q

afferent vessels def

A

veins (drain blood)

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3
Q

lymph composition

A

plasma enriched with Igs and lymphocytes produced by lymphatic organs

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4
Q

arterial vessels 4 types

A

large (elastic) arteries
muscular arteries
arterioles
metarterioles

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5
Q

venous vessels 4 types

A

postcapillary venules
venules
medial or small size veins
large veins

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6
Q

where large veins and medium small sized veins located

A

parallel to muscular arteries and large arteries

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7
Q

3 layers of muscular arteries and middle sized veins + gross composition

A

intima (endoth and CT), media (SM cells) and adventitia (dense CT)

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8
Q

3 layers of intima in musculary artery

A
  1. endothelial (squamous simple epith)
  2. Subendothelial layer (thin layer of CT, mainly ECM, reticular and elastic fibers too)
  3. IELM (internal elastic limiting membrane or internal elastic)
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9
Q

IELM function and appearance

A

elastic membrane covers artery like a sleeve. not a fiber. appears wavy bc of retraction at fixation

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10
Q

Intima layers in veins

A

endothelium and bit of subendothelial layer (CT) (NO IELM)

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11
Q

Media composition

A

layers of SM

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12
Q

media diff between arteries and arterioles

A

arteries: 4-26 SM layers
arterioles: 1-2 SM layers

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13
Q

media in veins and diff with arteries

A

1-2 layers of SM and cells separated by CT

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14
Q

adventitia charact

A

dense irregular CT , collagen fibers, etc.

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15
Q

vasa vasorum def

A

small blood vessels within wall of vessels

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16
Q

where vasa vasorum found

A

in adventitia of large arteries and large veins

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17
Q

how nutrients supply is done in large arteries and veins

A

top half supplied by lumen

bottom half supplied by vasa vasorum

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18
Q

diagnostic tool to separate arteries and veins (2)

A

Presence of IELM

Thickness of media

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19
Q

appearance of IELM on longitudinal section and real characteristic

A

appears to have openings and fenestrations but isn’t broken in fact. is continuous

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20
Q

cells found in adventitia

A

fibrocytes

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21
Q

special structure found in veins of very low extremities and normal functioning

A

valves part of the intima projecting in the lumen. Normally, closed

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22
Q

varicose veins def and risk factors

A

valves in lower extremities stay open. Associated with what: high BP, obesity, lack of movement, smoking, pregnancy, genetic predisposition

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23
Q

valves in lower extremities come from what

A

are part of intima. endothelial cells with bit of subendothelial layers project in lumen

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24
Q

subendothelial layer of intima something particular

A

can be present, absent or can be very thin

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25
something special found in media of elastic arteries
elastic membranes (along with the SM)
26
how adventitia changes more distally in CV system
becomes thinner (and no vasa vasorum)
27
elastic artery morphology and histology
endoth layer, subendoth layer, IELM, other elastic membranes not called IELM. SM between these. adventitia. SM and elastic membranes form concentric circles
28
large veins like VC. composition
endoth layer, subendoth, no IELM. no elastic membranes, thinner media
29
middle size veins how media differs from large veins
discontinuous layer of SM
30
how elastic membranes of large arteries appear on longitudinal section
1. can connect between one another | 2. appear interrupted but are not. are continuous, not broken.
31
how SM cells of large arteries differ from SM cells of muscular arteries
in large arteries, run in diff directions (disorganized) | in musc. arteries, organized
32
stain to see elastic membranes of large arteries well
Verhoeff Hematoxylin
33
SM cells behavior in large veins + appearance
run in diff directions. look more purple. separated by bit of CT
34
arterial vessel with 3 SM layer considered what?
transition between muscular artery and arteriole
35
Diff in elastic fibers between arteries and arterioles
No IELM in arterioles, only elastic fibers running in parallel with length of the arteriole
36
SM configuration in arterioles
runs perpendicular to arteriole direction, on their circumference
37
how SM appears on longit cut and cross section of arteriole
SM cut in cross section on longit cut of arteriole. | SM cut longit. on cross section of arteriole
38
how flow and volme of blood compares between aorta and capillaries
800 times greater volume in capillaries | 1000x slower flow in capillaries (0.3 vs 320 mm per sec)
39
functions of capillaries (5)
Exchange, nutrition, thermoregulation, BP regul, inflammation
40
capillaries classification
permeable (fenestrated or sinusoid) and impermeable (continuous)
41
sinusoid capillaries charact
no BM, only supported by reticular fibers
42
fenestrated or continuous capillary charact.
can't differentiate without EM.
43
postcap venule charact. and how ressembles capillaries
endoth layer (1 cell), like cap., diameter 10-15 microns vs 8 for cap. may have cells called pericytes
44
pericytes what they do in postcap venule
contractile element that isn't SM
45
epithelial junction found in both fenestrated and continuous capillaries
zonula occludens (gap junction, synonym)
46
modes of transport through continous (permeable) capillaries (3)
- endocytosis in lumen, exocytosis in ECF - pores closed and that open when two vesicles fuse. small molecules can pass - clathrin mediated vesicles that behave like endo and exocytosis
47
modes of transport through fenestrated capillaries (4)
3 modes of continuous caps + openings and windoes sealed by small diaphragms where albumin may pass
48
sinusoid capillaries found where
spleen and liver
49
continuous capillaries found where
nervous tissue, skeletal, cardiac, SM, skin, lung, lymphatic organs
50
fenestrated capillaries location
intestinal mucosa, pancreas, salivary glands, endocrine glands, renal glomerulus
51
particular function metarterioles may accomplish
may act as sphincters that close in case of hemorrhage. blood then goes to venous circul. via anastomosis
52
4 fcts of endothelium of all CV system
- permeability - metabolic - prod of vasoactive substances - anti-thrombogenic function
53
what endothelium lets through (permeability)
lipids
54
endothelium: 2 metabolic functions
- enzymes on surface convert angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 3 | - inactivation of bradykinin (which can make SM contract), serotonin, PGs, NE, etc.
55
endothelium: 2 vasoactive substances produced
- endothelin: contraction of SM | - NO: relaxation of SM
56
why endothelium has anti-thrombogenic function
stops platelets from touching ECM and forming clot
57
anti-thrombogenic effect of endothelium: importance in atherosclerosis
atherosclerosis (macrophages accum, etc.) pushes on artery wall. advanced stage, endothelium broken and clot can form
58
where lymphatic vessels pass
in CT containing lymph
59
what makes up lymphatic vessels AT LUMEN
very thin endothelial cells without occluding and gap junctions
60
BM or no BM in lymphatics
no BM around endothelium
61
lymphatics: what endothelial cells attach to
anchored to CT fibers (type 1 and type 3 collagen + elastic fibers)
62
special structure sometimes found in small or large lymphatics
valves (folds of the wall projecting in lumen)
63
large lymphatics like thoracic duct: other tissue composing their wall
SM cells
64
blood cell type not found in lymph
RBCs

Bloc C - Circulation (29 decks)

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