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Biology-Transport in Animals > Blood Vessels and Blood in Mammals > Flashcards

Blood Vessels and Blood in Mammals Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 types of Blood Vessels?

A

-Arteries
-Arterioles
-Capillaries
-Veins
-Venules

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2
Q

What doe Arteries carry?

A

-Carry blood Away from heart
-Carry oxygenated blood other than the pulmonary artery

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3
Q

What type of pressure is the blood under in the arteries?

*

A

High pressure

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4
Q

What features are present in the arteries?

A

-Thick layer of elastic tissue in wall
-Thick smooth muscle layer
-Lumen
-Folded endothelium

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5
Q

What is Lumen?

*

A

Space in the centre

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6
Q

What is endothelium?

*

A

Membrane so a layer of cells

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7
Q

What type of cells are the endothelium tissues made from?

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A

Squamous Epithelium Cells

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8
Q

What is the function of elastic tissue?

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A

Allows arteries to stretch and recoil as blood flows through to help maintain BP and even out flow.

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9
Q

What is the function of the folded endothelium?

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A

Same function as elastic tissue

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10
Q

What is the function of smooth muscle?

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A

To withstand the high pressure of blood and in smaller arteries, allow vasoconstriction and vasodilation

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11
Q

What also help to maintain Blood Pressure?

*

A

The small lumen

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12
Q

What do arteries branch into?

A

Arterioles

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13
Q

What is the structure of the arterioles?

A

Similar structure to arteries but have less smooth muscle and elastic tissue than arteries and have a smooth unfolded endothelium

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14
Q

What is the main function of arterioles?

*

A

Control the amount of blood flowing to a particular area by vasoconstricting and vasodilating

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15
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

*

A

Lumen decreases in diameter

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16
Q

What is vasodilation?

*

A

Lumen increases in diameter

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17
Q

Why do arterioles have less smooth muscle than arteries?

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A

The pressure is lower in arterioles than arteries

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18
Q

Why do arterioles still have a need for some smooth muscle?

*

A

For vasoconstriction and vasodilation

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19
Q

Why do arterioles have a smooth unfolded epithelium?

*

A

-To allow easy blood flow with little restriction
-Unfolded as less pressure

20
Q

What structure allows the terminal arterioles to control the amount of blood flowing into a particular capillary/tissue?

*

A

Pre Capillary Sphincters

21
Q

What do arterioles branch into?

A

Capillaries

22
Q

What happens in capillaries?

*

A

Where substances are exchanged between cell/tissues and the blood

23
Q

Why is the endothelium (capillary wall) is one cell thick?

*

A

To provide a short diffusion pathway

24
Q

Why do capillaries have tiny pores or gaps in their epithelium?

A

To make it easier for substances to pass out of the capillary.

25
Q

What are these tiny pores or gaps also known as?

A

Fenestrations

26
Q

Why is it useful that the capillary lumen can only fir one red blood cell through at a time?

A

More of the surface areas of the blood cell in contact with endothelium so there is a reduced diffusion pathway and slows the flow to increase diffusion time

27
Q

Why is it useful that red blood cells are squeezed as they pass through the narrow lumen?

A

When RBC are squeezed it causes oxygen to dissociates from the haemoglobin which is useful as the tissues need the oxygen

28
Q

What do capillaries branch into?

A

Venules which are smaller versions of veins

29
Q

What features do venules have?

A

Valves and thin walls with a small amount of smooth muscle and elastic tissue

30
Q

What do venules branch into?

A

veins

31
Q

What do veins do?

A

-Carry blood towards the heart
-Carry deoxygenated blood except the pulmonary vein

32
Q

What pressure is the blood under in the veins?

A

Low pressure

33
Q

Why do veins only have a thin layer of smooth muscle and elastic tissue in their walls?

A

No high pressure to withstand which allows blood to move through veins

34
Q

Why do veins have a large lumen and a smooth unfolded endothelium?

A

Reduce resistance of blood flow

35
Q

Why do veins have valves?

A

To prevent backflow of blood

36
Q

What carries blood around the body?

A

Blood vessels

37
Q

What type of system does blood vessels carry blood around?

A

Closed circulatory system

38
Q

What are the main components of blood?

A

-Plasma (55%)
-Platelets and White Blood Cells(1%)
-Red Blood Cells (44%)

39
Q

Why is blood described as a tissue?

A

As it is a collection of similar specialised cells that perform a specific function

40
Q

What are Red Blood Cells also known as?

A

Erythrocytes

41
Q

What are White Blood Cells also known as?

A

Leukocytes

42
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

They are involved in the clotting mechanism of blood. Prevents blood loss and infection

43
Q

How does the structure of platelets differ from red blood cells?

A

-Fragments of large cells
-don’t have haemoglobin or cytoplasm.

44
Q

Give an example of a protein that would be transported in the plasma.

A

Haemoglobin, Hormones, Enzyme, Antibodies, Plasma

45
Q

Explain why the blood of different animals is not always red.

A

As haemoglobin is what makes blood red so animals who’s blood isn’t red means they don’t have haemoglobin in their blood.

46
Q

How is the blood able to flow back to the heart at low pressure?

A

Skeletal muscles compress the veins which contain valves so blood only flows in one direction

Biology-Transport in Animals (11 decks)

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