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Anatomy > Blood vessels > Flashcards

Blood vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Does blood go from high pressure to low pressure or vice versa?

A

High pressure to low

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2
Q

Tunica intima

A

innermost layer of blood vessels. endothelium that is continuous with the lining of the heart. internal elastic lamina provides ability to expand and recoil

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3
Q

Tunica media

A

middle layer of blood vessels. smooth muscle under sympathetic innervation and elastin. much thicker in arteries

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4
Q

Tunica externa or adventitia

A

outer layer of blood vessels. external elastic lamina. thicker in veins

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5
Q

Capillaries

A

consist of only simple squamous endothelium. Three types: continuous, fenestrated, and sinusoid

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6
Q

Continuous capillaries

A

nice cell to cell junctions. exchange of gases, water and lipids

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7
Q

Fenestrated capillaries

A

exchange for molecules, peptides (hormones)

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8
Q

Sinusoid capillaries

A

“open space” proteins and cells. in the liver and spleen

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9
Q

Elastic arteries

A

high pressure tubes. large amounts of elastin for stretch (thick tunica media), expand to receive blood. pulmonary trunk and aorta

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10
Q

Muscular arteries

A

most arteries, mid-sized

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11
Q

Arterioles

A

tiny vessels. mostly smooth muscle, blood pressure is regulated by the diameter of the vessel

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12
Q

Capillaries

A

sites of exchange of gases, nutrients, fluid, etc. Lumen is just large enough to allow blood cells to squeeze through

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13
Q

Veins compared to arteries

A

more connective tissue, less muscle, thinner walls, larger lumens, medium sized valves have valves to prevent backflow and aid circulation, large veins like vena cava have longitudinal smooth muscle in tunic externa

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14
Q

What part of the aorta is located in the pericardium

A

the ascending aorta, thus is in the middle mediastinum

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15
Q

What are the first branches off the aorta

A

right and left coronary artery

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16
Q

Where is the arch of the aorta located?

A

superior mediastinum

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17
Q

Where is the descending aorta located

A

the posterior mediastinum

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18
Q

The descending aorta becomes..

A

the abdominal aorta

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19
Q

The abdominal aorta becomes..

A

the right and left common iliac arteries, which branch into internal and external iliac arteries

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20
Q

The right and left common carotid arteries branch into..

A

internal (doesn’t branch until inside cranium and supplies the anterior and middle brain) and external (many branches to face) carotid.

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21
Q

Vertebral artery

A

supplies posterior brain, branch off the subclavian artery, travels through transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae

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22
Q

Circle of Willis

A

internal carotid branches to form the anterior and middle cerebral arteries. right and left vertebral form basilar which splits into posterior cerebral arteries. Also have 1 anterior and two posterior communicating arteries

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23
Q

Subclavian artery becomes…

A

axillary after passing the first rib

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24
Q

Axillary artery becomes…

A

brachial after teres major

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25
Q

Brachial artery splits into…

A

radial and ulnar

26
Q

Deep brachial artery

A

branch of brachial that goes deep to supply extensors of arm (triceps)

27
Q

Common interosseous artery

A

branch off the ulnar artery, has anterior and posterior branches itsself

28
Q

Superficial and deep palmar arches

A

radial and ulnar arteries anastomose to form these in the palm of hand

29
Q

Collateral circulation of elbow

A

in case of blockage or brachial artery in the elbow. blood can continue to reach forearm by collateral arteries. off of brachial are collateral arteries. off of radial and ulnar or recurrent arteries. They anastomose

30
Q

External iliac artery…

A

from common iliac artery. forms femoral artery after passing under inguinal ligament

31
Q

Internal iliac artery..

A

Supplies organs in pelvis (bladder, uterus, vagina, rectum) dives deep and becomes superior and inferior gluteal arteries which run with the nerves. Inferior gluteal to maximus

32
Q

Femoral artery…

A

gives off branch of deep femoral which supplies the hamstrings. continues down thigh and becomes popliteal artery after passing through the adductor hiatus

33
Q

Collateral circulation around knee

A

Genicular arteries

34
Q

Popliteal artery

A

from femoral once it passes through adductor hiatus. splits into anterior and posterior tibial arteries

35
Q

anterior tibial artery

A

supplies anterior compartment of leg. Runs with deep fibular nerve

36
Q

Posterior tibial artery

A

supplies posterior compartment of lef, runs with tibial nerve

37
Q

Dorsalis pedis

A

Forms when anterior tibial artery passes into dorsum of foot. terminates as arcuate artery.

38
Q

Arcuate artery

A

sens perforating arteries to anastomose with arteries in the plantar foot. Forms collateral circulation between anterior and posterior tibial arteries

39
Q

Fibular artery

A

branches off from posterior tibial. supplies fibularis longus and brevis muscles. Branches in the plantar surface of foot into medial and lateral plantar arteries which anastomose

40
Q

Descending or thoracic aorta

A

found in posterior mediastinum. gives off posterior intercostals arteries

41
Q

Internal thoracic arteries

A

located on each side of sternum, branches off of subclavian artery. give off anterior intercostal arteries which anastomose with posterior intercostals

42
Q

Abdominal aorta

A

from thoracic, becomes abdominal once it passes through the diaphragm. The major branches, celiac, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery. Also renal arteries to kidneys and gonadal to repro organs

43
Q

Often there will be numerous veins with one artery

A

True!

44
Q

Superficial veins travel in hypodermis and have no accompanying artery

A

true!

45
Q

Confluence of sinuses

A

Superior and inferior sagittal, straight and occiptal sinus form it. Drained by transverse sinus, which becomes sigmoid sinus which exits cranium through jugular foramen

46
Q

Sigmoid sinus becomes…

A

internal jugular vein once it passes through jugular foramen

47
Q

External jugular vein

A

drains external neck. visible externally

48
Q

Is there a carotid vein?

A

no

49
Q

Subclavian and internal jugular veins meet to form…

A

brachiocephalic vein on each side

50
Q

Superior vena cava formed by…

A

right and left brachiocephalic veins

51
Q

Basilic vein empties into…and helps form….

A

empties into brachial vein and then together they form the axillary vein.

52
Q

Cephalic vein empties into..

A

axillary vein

53
Q

Great Saphenous vein

A

superior to medial malleolus and medial side of leg and thigh. empties into femoral vein. often used for coronary artery by-pass graft

54
Q

Small saphenous vein

A

behind the lateral malleolus up to the back of the leg. empties into popliteal vein

55
Q

Superior vena cava drains…

A

the arm and the head

56
Q

Inferior vena cava drains..

A

the abdomen and lower extremity

57
Q

Azygos system

A

drains the posterior intercostal veins (internal thoracic drains anterior).
Azygos empties into SVC via arch of azygos

58
Q

Internal and external iliac veins form the common iliac veins which then…

A

combine to form the IVC

59
Q

Femoral vein in thigh becomes…

A

external iliac vein in pelvis

60
Q

Renal veins carry blood from…

A

kidney and empty to IVC

61
Q

Veins of the digestive system

A

same names as arteries but DO NOT drain into IVC. they drain into the liver via Hepatic Portal System. venous blood from digestive organs carry nutrients that must go to liver for metabolism and storage

Anatomy (9 decks)

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