Blood Vessels

Question 1

what is the function of blood vessels?

Answer 1

• Transport blood to tissues and back to heart
• regulate blood flow to tissues
• control blood pressure
• secrete a variety of chemicals

Question 2

what are the two circuits that carries blood through the body?

Answer 2

Pulmonary circuit

Systemic circuit

Question 3

transport blood between the heart and the lungs

Answer 3

Pulmonary circuit

Question 4

transport blood between the heart and the rest of the body

Answer 4

Systemic circuit

Question 5

what are the three kinds of blood vessels in the pulmonary and systemic circuits?

Answer 5

Arteries, capillaries, and veins

Question 6

(Distribution system) as they travel away from the heart they branch off into smaller vessels that supply most tissues in the body with blood

Answer 6

Arteries

Question 7

(Exchange system) small vessels that form branching networks called capillaries. gases, nutrients, wastes, and other molecules are quickly
exchanged between tissue cells and blood
through capillary walls

Answer 7

Capillaries

Question 8

(Collection system) drain

blood from capillary beds and return it to heart

Answer 8

Veins

Question 9

what is the central space of the blood vessel called?

Answer 9

Lumen

Question 10

Name the three tunics (layers) of blood vessels?

Answer 10

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunic externa

Question 11

a type of artery that conduct blood under high pressure to blood vessels

Answer 11

Elastic arteries

Question 12

a type of artery that control blood flow to organs and regulate blood pressure

Answer 12

Muscular arteries

Question 13

a type of artery that control blood flow to tissues and feed capillary beds

Answer 13

Arterioles

Question 14

a vein that drain capillary beds

Answer 14

Venules

Question 15

this disease is characterized by formation of atherosclerotic plaques; buildups of lipids, cholesterol, calcium salts, and cellular debris within arterial tunica intima

Answer 15

Atherosclerosis

Question 16

locations where vessels connect via pathways called collateral vessels

Answer 16

Vascular Anastomoses

Question 17

A type of anastomoses that can be formed when blood flow through an artery is insufficient to meet tissue’s metabolic needs

Answer 17

Arterial Anastomoses

Question 18

most common type of anastomosis;
neighboring veins are connected by small collaterals; smaller veins are often so interconnected that they form complex, weblike patterns

Answer 18

Venous anastomosis

Question 19

a type of anastomosis where artery empties directly into a vein without passing through a capillary bed

Answer 19

Arteriovenous Anastomosis

Question 20

physiology of blood flow in cardiovascular system

Answer 20

Hemodynamics

Question 21

outward force that blood exerts on walls of blood vessels

Answer 21

Blood pressure

Question 22

volume of blood that flows per minute

Answer 22

Blood flow

Question 23

product of stroke volume

amount of blood pumped with each beat) times heart rate (number of beats per minute

Answer 23

Cardiac Output

Question 24

average pressure in systemic arteries during an entire cardiac cycle; generally measures about 95 mm Hg

Answer 24

Mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Question 25

*the amount of friction blood encounters during flow through blood vessels

Answer 25

Peripheral resistance

Question 26

Which blood vessel tunic is innervated by nerves from the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 26

tunica media

Question 27

The closure of a precapillary sphincter prevents blood flow to tissues from

Answer 27

arterioles

Question 28

Which vessels serve as the blood reservoirs of the body?

Answer 28

veins

Question 29

Calculate the mean arterial pressure (MAP) if the systolic pressure is 120 mm Hg and the diastolic pressure is 90 mm Hg.

Answer 29

100 mm Hg

Question 30

Which of the following does NOT drive venous return? a) skeletal muscle pump b) smooth muscle in the walls of veins c) low compliance d) venous valves

Answer 30

c) low compliance

Question 31

During exercise, cardiac output may increase by more than 170% to meet the body’s increased O2 demands. This increase in cardiac output increases blood pressure. But the accompanying increase in arterial pressure is relatively small—only about 40%. What limits this increase in blood pressure so that it doesn’t reach dangerously high levels during exercise?

Answer 31

Vasodilation causes arterial diameter to increase in the exercising skeletal muscle.

Question 32

Blood pressure would INCREASE as a result of a DECREASE in __________.

Answer 32

blood vessel diameter

Question 33

Which of the following changes would produce the greatest change in total peripheral resistance? a) 10% change in vessel diameter b) 10% change in blood viscosity c) 10% change in vessel length d) 10% change in cardiac output

Answer 33

a)10% change in vessel diameter

Question 34

Which of the following is a cause of hypertension? a) renal artery stenosis b) excess parasympathetic tone c) dehydration d) decreased salt intake

Answer 34

a)renal artery stenosis

Question 35

Where are the sensors for the arterial baroreceptor reflex located?

Answer 35

carotid sinus and aortic arch

Question 36

If blood pressure is increased at the arterial baroreceptors, what would happen with the activity level of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS)?

Answer 36

increased PNS activity and decreased SNS activity

Question 37

Which of the following would cause vasodilation of arterioles? a) increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system b) decreased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system c) decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system d) increased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 37

c)decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 38

Stimulation of the adrenal medulla would result in which of the following? a) a decrease in cardiac output b) vasodilation of arteries c) an increase in heart rate and contractility d) a decrease in blood pressure

Answer 38

c) an increase in heart rate and contractility

Question 39

A decrease in blood pressure at the arterial baroreceptors would result in which of the following? a) a decrease in heart rate b) a decrease in cardiac output c) an increase in heart contractility d) vasodilation of arterioles

Answer 39

c)an increase in heart contractility

Question 40

Hypertension is defined as:

Answer 40

high blood pressure

Question 41

Which of the following stimuli is detected by a chemoreceptor? a) stretch in the walls of arteries b) increased blood pressure c) decreased blood oxygen concentration d) vasodilation of arterioles

Answer 41

c)decreased blood oxygen concentration

Question 42

Which vessels vasoconstrict in response to epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Answer 42

systemic arterioles

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT an effect of the hormone Angiotensin II? a) increased thirst b) triggers the secretion of Aldosterone c) vasoconstriction d) decreased cardiac output

Answer 43

d) decreased cardiac output