Blood Vessels Flashcards by Kate C

The aorta is an example of a(n) __________.

elastic artery
muscular artery
arteriole
vein

elastic artery

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The arteries that directly feed into the capillary beds are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	arterioles
	muscular arteries
	elastic arteries
	venules

arterioles

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Gas and nutrient exchanges between the blood and tissues take place at the __________.

veins
arterioles
arteries
capillaries

capillaries

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Which of the following is not true regarding fenestrated capillaries?

Fenestrated capillaries form the blood-brain barrier.
Fenestrated capillaries are essential for filtration of blood plasma in the kidney.
Fenestrated capillaries in endocrine organs allow hormones rapid entry into the blood.
Fenestrated capillaries in the small intestine receive nutrients from digested food.

Fenestrated capillaries form the blood-brain barrier.

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Veins carry only oxygen deficient blood.

True
False

False

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Which of the following would decrease peripheral resistance to blood flow?

increasing blood vessel length
anemia
atherosclerosis
vasoconstriction

anemia

decreases blood viscosity

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Peripheral resistance ________.

increases as blood viscosity increases
increases as blood vessel diameter increases
decreases with increasing length of the blood vessel
is not a major factor in blood pressure in healthy individuals

increases as blood viscosity increases

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Select the correct statement about blood flow.

- It is relatively constant through all body organs.
- Blood flow through the entire vascular system is equivalent to cardiac output.
- It is measured in mm Hg.
- It is greatest where resistance is highest.

Blood flow through the entire vascular system is equivalent to cardiac output.

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Which of the following is NOT an important source of resistance to blood flow?

total blood volume
blood viscosity
vessel diameter
vessel length

total blood volume

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An increase in blood viscosity will cause an increase in peripheral resistance.

True
False

True

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A sustained blood pressure of 140/90 or greater indicates hypertension in the patient.

True
False

True

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What blood vessel experiences the steepest drop in blood pressure?
	arterioles
	capillaries
	venules
	arteries

arterioles

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Factors that aid venous return include all except \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
	urinary output
	venous valves
	pressure changes in the thorax
	activity of skeletal muscles

urinary output

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The pulse pressure is ________.

diastolic pressure plus 1/3 (systolic pressure plus diastolic pressure)
systolic pressure plus diastolic pressure
systolic pressure divided by diastolic pressure
systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure

systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure

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Which of the choices below does not explain why low capillary pressures are desirable?

Low blood pressure is associated with longer life span than high blood pressure.
Most capillaries are extremely permeable and thus even low pressures force solute-containing fluid out of the bloodstream.
Capillaries are fragile and high pressures would rupture them.
Low capillary pressure reduces the load of drainage the lymphatic drainage must handle

Low blood pressure is associated with longer life span than high blood pressure.

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What pressure is responsible for reabsorption and for pulling fluids into the venous end of capillaries?

- hydrostatic pressure in interstitial fluid (HPif)
- osmotic pressure in capillary (OPc)
- osmotic pressure in interstitial fluid (OPif)
- hydrostatic pressure in capillary (HPc)

osmotic pressure in capillary (OPc)

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When albumin levels in the blood are below normal, fluid absorption from the tissues into the bloodstream increases.

True
False

False

(Albumin is the major blood plasma protein. It greatly contributes to colloid osmotic pressure. If albumin levels are abnormally low, then colloid osmotic pressure will drop and absorption of fluids from the tissues into the capillaries will also diminish.)

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Which of the following would be a result of anaphylaxis (a systemic allergic reaction)?

vascular shock
increased blood pressure
hypovolemic shock
cardiogenic shock

vascular shock

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Which of the following signs of hypovolemic shock is a relatively late sign?

cold, clammy skin
rapidly falling blood pressure
increased heart rate
rapid, thready pulse

rapidly falling blood pressure

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What is the effect of hypovolemic shock on the blood vessels and the heart?

Blood vessels constrict to increase venous return and maintain pressure. Heart rate increases to compensate for loss of blood pressure and to maintain cardiac output.

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Which type of vessel contains elastin in all three tunics to allow the vessel to expand and recoil as the heart ejects blood a)arteriole
B)elastic artery
c)distributing artery
D)muscular artery

elastic artery

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Which layer of the typical vessel can be regulated via vasoconstriction or vasodilation A) tunica externa
B) tunica media
C) tunica intima
D) vasa vasorum

tunica media

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What is the outermost layer of the blood vessel wall for an artery or vein 
A) tunica media
B) tunica externa 
C) subendothelial layer
D) tunica intima

tunica externa

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What type of vessel has relatively more smooth muscle and less elastic tissue 
A) capillary
B) elastic artery
C) arteriole
D) muscular artery

muscular artery

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``` What type of vessel has relatively little smooth muscle or elastin in the tunica media, a large A) vein B) venule C) arteriole D) muscular artery ```

vein

``` Which capillaries are the most common in the body A) sinusoids B) anastomoses C) fenestrated capillaries D) continuous capillaries ```

continuous capillaries

``` Leaky capillaries found in the bone marrow are called A) arterioles B) continuous capillaries C) fenestrated capillaries D) sinusoidal capillaries ```

sinusoidal capillaries

All capillary beds are continuously perfused with blood. True False

False

Varicose veins seen in the superficial veins of the legs are unsightly and often treated by surgically removing them. However, even without these veins being present, the return of all blood toward the heart from the legs is not diminished primarily because ____ A) the precapillary sphincters will contract to prevent blood from flowing toward areas where veins have been removed B) blood can still return via the deep veins C) in the absence of the venous valves (that have been removed), the blood will backflow into the capillary beds and then flow into other venules D) All of the listed responses are correct.

blood can still return via the deep veins

Which of the following is true about veins A) Veins have valves; arteries do not. B) Veins carry blood away from the heart, while arteries carry blood to the heart. C) Veins have a smaller diameter lumen than arteries. D) Veins are more muscular than arteries.

(A) Veins have valves arteries do not

Vasodilation will result in increased blood flow to a given tissue. True False

True

Why is it important that blood pressure drop to lower levels as it reaches the capillary beds A) Because capillaries depend on the lower pressure to prevent fluid exchange between the capillaries and the tissue fluid. B) Because capillaries are fragile and extremely permeable C) Because capillaries actually are high-pressure vessels. D) Because capillaries actually need a higher blood pressure for filtration activities.

Capillaries are fragile and extremely permeable

``` What vessels sustain a drop in pressure from approximately 35 mm Hg to around 17 mm Hg A) arterioles B) veins C) elastic arteries D) capillaries ```

(D) Capillaries

Which of the following is a long-term mechanism for maintaining blood pressure? A) renal regulation B) hormonal control of peripheral resistance C) chemoreceptor-initiated reflexes D) baroceptor-initiated reflexes

Renal regulation

``` Which of the following will lower blood pressure? A) aldosterone B) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) D) angiotensin II ```

``` Which vessel(s) of the pulmonary circuit transport(s) oxygen-rich blood? A) pulmonary arteries B) pulmonary veins C) aorta D) pulmonary trunk ```

(B) Pulmonary veins

What type of tissue is found in the walls of the arteries that leave the heart but not in the walls of the large veins that enter the heart A) endothelium B) collagen fibers C) smooth muscle D) elastic tissue

(D) Elastic tissue

``` Which arteries carry deoxygenated blood? A) pulmonary arteries B) carotid arteries C) renal arteries D) aorta ```

(A) pulmonary arteries

Which vessel leaves the right ventricle of the heart to take oxygen-poor, dark red blood into pulmonary circulation A) aorta B) pulmonary vein C) superior vena cava D) pulmonary trunk

(D) Pulmonary trunk

Which action of the indirect renal mechanism promotes sodium reabsorption by the kidneys to increase mean arterial pressure A) aldosterone B) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C) thirst D) atrial natriuretic peptide hormone (ANP)

(A) Aldosterone

``` Which of the following is involved in long-term blood pressure regulation? A) baroreceptors B) higher brain center C) chemoreceptor reflexes D) renal mechanisms ```

(D) Renal Mechanisms

``` Which of the following would not move by diffusion across a capillary into the surrounding tissue? Oxygen Proteins Lipid-soluble substances Carbon dioxide ```

Proteins

Which of the following is NOT a capillary transport mechanism? - movement through intracellular clefts or fenestrations - diffusion through the membrane - bulk flow - transport via vesicles or caveolae

bulk flow

``` Which of the following would experience a decreased blood flow during exercise? Kidneys Skeletal muscles Skin Brain ```

kidneys

``` Arteriole blood pressure increases in response to all but which of the following? A) increasing stroke volume B) increasing heart rate C) rising blood volume D) falling blood volume E) all of these ```

falling blood volume

Select the correct statement about blood flow. A) It is relatively constant through all body organs. B) It is measured in mm Hg. C) It is greatest where resistance is highest. D) Blood flow through the entire vascular system is equivalent to cardiac output.

D) Blood flow through the entire vascular system is equivalent to cardiac output.

During pulmonary circulation, blood leaves the __________. right atrium and flows directly to the left ventricle right ventricle and flows directly to the aorta right ventricle and flows directly to the lungs right atrium and flows directly to the lungs left ventricle and flows directly to the lungs

right ventricle and flows directly to the lungs

During systemic circulation, blood leaves the __________. right ventricle and goes directly to the aorta right atrium and flows directly to the lungs lungs and flows directly to the left atrium right ventricle and flows directly to the lungs left ventricle and flows directly to the aorta

eft ventricle and flows directly to the aorta

The inferior vena cava brings blood from the lower regions of the body and empties into the __________. ``` right ventricle left atrium aorta right atrium left ventricle ```

right atrium

The major long-term mechanism of blood pressure control is provided by the __________. ``` lungs paravertebral ganglia digestive tract kidneys heart ```

kidneys

Exchange of gases and nutrients occurs by diffusion between the __________. ``` arteries and veins arterioles and tissue cells artery walls and tissue cells capillaries and tissue cells arterioles and venules ```

capillaries and tissue cells

Any condition in which blood vessels are inadequately filled and blood CANNOT circulate normally is called __________. ``` atherosclerosis arteriosclerosis circulatory shock varicose veins hypertension ```

circulatory shock

Reduction in the lumen diameter of a blood vessel as the smooth muscle contracts is known as __________. ``` arteriosclerosis atherosclerosis varicose veins vasoconstriction vasodilation ```

vasoconstriction

The only vessels that provide direct access to nearly every cell in the body are the __________. ``` venules arteries veins capillaries arterioles ```

capillaries

Which of the following regulates blood flow at the entrance to each true capillary? ``` valves tunica intima lymph nodes tunica externa precapillary sphincter ```

precapillary sphincter

Loss of vasomotor tone that results in a huge drop in peripheral resistance is known as __________. ``` vasoconstriction varicose veins atherosclerosis vascular shock hypertension ```

vascular shock

Which of the layers of an artery wall is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system and many hormones? tunica media subendothelial layer tunica media tunica externa

tunica media

Which of the following types of blood vessels have the proportionally thickest tunica media of all vessels? vasa vasorum elastic arteries arterioles muscular arteries

muscular arteries

The minute-to-minute blood flow through the capillary beds is determined by the __________. number of elastic fibers in conducting arteries constriction of elastic arteries diameter of arterioles elastic lamina on both sides of the tunica media in muscular arteries

diameter of arterioles

The presence of __________ stabilizes the wall of capillaries. gap junctions valves pericytes elastic fibers

pericytes

At the arteriolar end of a capillary, __________ pushes fluid into the capillary. hydrostatic pressure in the interstitial fluid osmotic pressure in the capillary hydrostatic pressure in the capillary osmotic pressure in the interstitial fluid

hydrostatic pressure in the interstitial fluid

The flow of blood from the left ventricle to the right atrium is called the __________. pulmonary circulation systemic circulation microcirculation hepatoportal circulation

systemic circulation

A metarteriole is a vessel that __________. drains the capillary bed returns interstitial fluid to the circulation is intermediate between a capillary and a venule is intermediate between the arteriole and the capillary bed

is intermediate between the arteriole and the capillary bed

Which of the following conditions would NOT increase the chances of developing varicose veins? a potbelly in an obese person standing to attention for long periods of time running in place pregnancy

running in place

Up to 65% of the body's blood supply is found in __________. arterioles arteries capillaries veins

veins

Changes in peripheral resistance are primarily driven by __________. blood viscosity blood vessel diameter blood vessel length tunica intima thickness

blood vessel diameter

n elastic lamina on both sides of the tunica media is a characteristic of __________. elastic arteries muscular arteries conducting arteries all arteries

muscular arteries

Which of the following is the major force generating blood flow? ``` the pumping action of the heart blood vessel diameter total blood vessel length peripheral resistance blood viscosity ```

the pumping action of the heart

Blood services the myocardium of the heart by coronary vessels that originate from the __________. ``` aorta inside of the ventricles superior vena cava pulmonary artery pulmonary veins ```

aorta

The vessel layer that has a direct role in vasoconstriction is the __________. tunica media tunica externa tunica intima endothelium

tunica media

``` Blood flows directly from __________ into capillary beds. muscular arteries arterioles venules elastic arteries ```

arterioles

The vessels that exhibit the lowest level of permeability are the __________. fenestrated capillaries capillaries found in the glomerulus of the kidney sinusoid capillaries continuous capillaries

continuous capillaries

``` When would the capillary beds surrounding the gastrointestinal organs be open? during exercise while sleeping between meals when digesting a meal ```

when digesting a meal

``` Blood flow would be increased by __________. increasing blood vessel length increasing cardiac output decreasing blood pressure decreasing vessel diameter ```

increased cardiac output

``` Which of the following acts on the kidneys and blood vessels to raise blood pressure? atrial natriuretic peptide antidiuretic hormone epinephrine angiotensin II ```

antidiuretic hormone

If the net filtration pressure (NFP) is positive, then fluid is reabsorbed into the blood. True False

False

``` Which of the following would experience increased blood flow during exercise? kidneys intestines skin brain ```

skin

Fluids are likely to leave or filter out of the capillary if __________. net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is less than net osmotic pressure (OP) net filtration pressure (NFP) is negative osmotic pressure (OP) in the capillary is high net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is greater than net osmotic pressure (OP)

net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is greater than net osmotic pressure (OP)

Blood flows from the lungs to the __________ via the __________. left atrium; pulmonary veins right atrium; pulmonary arteries left atrium; pulmonary arteries right atrium; pulmonary veins

left atrium; pulmonary veins

``` Blood from the brain is returned to the heart via the __________. abdominal aorta inferior vena cava superior vena cava thoracic aorta ```

superior vena cava

``` The hepatic portal system collects blood from the __________ and then routes it to the __________. liver; GI tract GI tract; liver liver; kidneys kidneys; liver ```

GI tract; liver