Blood Vessels Flashcards
The aorta is an example of a(n) __________.
elastic artery muscular artery arteriole vein
elastic artery
The arteries that directly feed into the capillary beds are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. arterioles muscular arteries elastic arteries venules
arterioles
Gas and nutrient exchanges between the blood and tissues take place at the __________.
veins arterioles arteries capillaries
capillaries
Which of the following is not true regarding fenestrated capillaries?
Fenestrated capillaries form the blood-brain barrier. Fenestrated capillaries are essential for filtration of blood plasma in the kidney. Fenestrated capillaries in endocrine organs allow hormones rapid entry into the blood. Fenestrated capillaries in the small intestine receive nutrients from digested food.
Fenestrated capillaries form the blood-brain barrier.
Veins carry only oxygen deficient blood.
True False
False
Which of the following would decrease peripheral resistance to blood flow?
increasing blood vessel length anemia atherosclerosis vasoconstriction
anemia
decreases blood viscosity
Peripheral resistance ________.
increases as blood viscosity increases increases as blood vessel diameter increases decreases with increasing length of the blood vessel is not a major factor in blood pressure in healthy individuals
increases as blood viscosity increases
Select the correct statement about blood flow.
- It is relatively constant through all body organs. - Blood flow through the entire vascular system is equivalent to cardiac output. - It is measured in mm Hg. - It is greatest where resistance is highest.
Blood flow through the entire vascular system is equivalent to cardiac output.
Which of the following is NOT an important source of resistance to blood flow?
total blood volume blood viscosity vessel diameter vessel length
total blood volume
An increase in blood viscosity will cause an increase in peripheral resistance.
True False
True
A sustained blood pressure of 140/90 or greater indicates hypertension in the patient.
True False
True
What blood vessel experiences the steepest drop in blood pressure? arterioles capillaries venules arteries
arterioles
Factors that aid venous return include all except \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. urinary output venous valves pressure changes in the thorax activity of skeletal muscles
urinary output
The pulse pressure is ________.
diastolic pressure plus 1/3 (systolic pressure plus diastolic pressure) systolic pressure plus diastolic pressure systolic pressure divided by diastolic pressure systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure
systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure
Which of the choices below does not explain why low capillary pressures are desirable?
Low blood pressure is associated with longer life span than high blood pressure. Most capillaries are extremely permeable and thus even low pressures force solute-containing fluid out of the bloodstream. Capillaries are fragile and high pressures would rupture them. Low capillary pressure reduces the load of drainage the lymphatic drainage must handle
Low blood pressure is associated with longer life span than high blood pressure.
What pressure is responsible for reabsorption and for pulling fluids into the venous end of capillaries?
- hydrostatic pressure in interstitial fluid (HPif) - osmotic pressure in capillary (OPc) - osmotic pressure in interstitial fluid (OPif) - hydrostatic pressure in capillary (HPc)
osmotic pressure in capillary (OPc)
When albumin levels in the blood are below normal, fluid absorption from the tissues into the bloodstream increases.
True False
False
(Albumin is the major blood plasma protein. It greatly contributes to colloid osmotic pressure. If albumin levels are abnormally low, then colloid osmotic pressure will drop and absorption of fluids from the tissues into the capillaries will also diminish.)
Which of the following would be a result of anaphylaxis (a systemic allergic reaction)?
vascular shock increased blood pressure hypovolemic shock cardiogenic shock
vascular shock
Which of the following signs of hypovolemic shock is a relatively late sign?
cold, clammy skin rapidly falling blood pressure increased heart rate rapid, thready pulse
rapidly falling blood pressure
What is the effect of hypovolemic shock on the blood vessels and the heart?
Blood vessels constrict to increase venous return and maintain pressure. Heart rate increases to compensate for loss of blood pressure and to maintain cardiac output.
Which type of vessel contains elastin in all three tunics to allow the vessel to expand and recoil as the heart ejects blood a)arteriole
B)elastic artery
c)distributing artery
D)muscular artery
elastic artery
Which layer of the typical vessel can be regulated via vasoconstriction or vasodilation A) tunica externa
B) tunica media
C) tunica intima
D) vasa vasorum
tunica media
What is the outermost layer of the blood vessel wall for an artery or vein A) tunica media B) tunica externa C) subendothelial layer D) tunica intima
tunica externa
What type of vessel has relatively more smooth muscle and less elastic tissue A) capillary B) elastic artery C) arteriole D) muscular artery
muscular artery
What type of vessel has relatively little smooth muscle or elastin in the tunica media, a large A) vein B) venule C) arteriole D) muscular artery
vein
Which capillaries are the most common in the body A) sinusoids B) anastomoses C) fenestrated capillaries D) continuous capillaries
continuous capillaries
Leaky capillaries found in the bone marrow are called A) arterioles B) continuous capillaries C) fenestrated capillaries D) sinusoidal capillaries
sinusoidal capillaries
All capillary beds are continuously perfused with blood.
True
False
False
Varicose veins seen in the superficial veins of the legs are unsightly and often treated by surgically removing them. However, even without these veins being present, the return of all blood toward the heart from the legs is not diminished primarily because ____
A) the precapillary sphincters will contract to prevent blood from flowing toward areas where veins have been removed
B) blood can still return via the deep veins
C) in the absence of the venous valves (that have been removed), the blood will backflow into the capillary beds and then flow into other venules
D) All of the listed responses are correct.
blood can still return via the deep veins
Which of the following is true about veins
A) Veins have valves; arteries do not.
B) Veins carry blood away from the heart, while arteries carry blood to the heart.
C) Veins have a smaller diameter lumen than arteries.
D) Veins are more muscular than arteries.
(A) Veins have valves arteries do not
Vasodilation will result in increased blood flow to a given tissue.
True
False
True
Why is it important that blood pressure drop to lower levels as it reaches the capillary beds
A) Because capillaries depend on the lower pressure to prevent fluid exchange between the capillaries and the tissue fluid.
B) Because capillaries are fragile and extremely permeable
C) Because capillaries actually are high-pressure vessels.
D) Because capillaries actually need a higher blood pressure for filtration activities.
Capillaries are fragile and extremely permeable
What vessels sustain a drop in pressure from approximately 35 mm Hg to around 17 mm Hg A) arterioles B) veins C) elastic arteries D) capillaries
(D) Capillaries
Which of the following is a long-term mechanism for maintaining blood pressure?
A) renal regulation
B) hormonal control of peripheral resistance
C) chemoreceptor-initiated reflexes
D) baroceptor-initiated reflexes
Renal regulation
Which of the following will lower blood pressure? A) aldosterone B) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) D) angiotensin II
(C) Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
Which vessel(s) of the pulmonary circuit transport(s) oxygen-rich blood? A) pulmonary arteries B) pulmonary veins C) aorta D) pulmonary trunk
(B) Pulmonary veins
What type of tissue is found in the walls of the arteries that leave the heart but not in the walls of the large veins that enter the heart A) endothelium
B) collagen fibers
C) smooth muscle
D) elastic tissue
(D) Elastic tissue
Which arteries carry deoxygenated blood? A) pulmonary arteries B) carotid arteries C) renal arteries D) aorta
(A) pulmonary arteries
Which vessel leaves the right ventricle of the heart to take oxygen-poor, dark red blood into pulmonary circulation A) aorta
B) pulmonary vein
C) superior vena cava
D) pulmonary trunk
(D) Pulmonary trunk
Which action of the indirect renal mechanism promotes sodium reabsorption by the kidneys to increase mean arterial pressure
A) aldosterone
B) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C) thirst
D) atrial natriuretic peptide hormone (ANP)
(A) Aldosterone
Which of the following is involved in long-term blood pressure regulation? A) baroreceptors B) higher brain center C) chemoreceptor reflexes D) renal mechanisms
(D) Renal Mechanisms
Which of the following would not move by diffusion across a capillary into the surrounding tissue? Oxygen Proteins Lipid-soluble substances Carbon dioxide
Proteins
Which of the following is NOT a capillary transport mechanism?
- movement through intracellular clefts or fenestrations
- diffusion through the membrane
- bulk flow
- transport via vesicles or caveolae
bulk flow
Which of the following would experience a decreased blood flow during exercise? Kidneys Skeletal muscles Skin Brain
kidneys
Arteriole blood pressure increases in response to all but which of the following? A) increasing stroke volume B) increasing heart rate C) rising blood volume D) falling blood volume E) all of these
falling blood volume
Select the correct statement about blood flow.
A) It is relatively constant through all body organs.
B) It is measured in mm Hg.
C) It is greatest where resistance is highest.
D) Blood flow through the entire vascular system is equivalent to cardiac output.
D) Blood flow through the entire vascular system is equivalent to cardiac output.
During pulmonary circulation, blood leaves the __________.
right atrium and flows directly to the left ventricle
right ventricle and flows directly to the aorta
right ventricle and flows directly to the lungs
right atrium and flows directly to the lungs
left ventricle and flows directly to the lungs
right ventricle and flows directly to the lungs
During systemic circulation, blood leaves the __________.
right ventricle and goes directly to the aorta
right atrium and flows directly to the lungs
lungs and flows directly to the left atrium
right ventricle and flows directly to the lungs
left ventricle and flows directly to the aorta
eft ventricle and flows directly to the aorta
The inferior vena cava brings blood from the lower regions of the body and empties into the __________.
right ventricle left atrium aorta right atrium left ventricle
right atrium
The major long-term mechanism of blood pressure control is provided by the __________.
lungs paravertebral ganglia digestive tract kidneys heart
kidneys
Exchange of gases and nutrients occurs by diffusion between the __________.
arteries and veins arterioles and tissue cells artery walls and tissue cells capillaries and tissue cells arterioles and venules
capillaries and tissue cells
Any condition in which blood vessels are inadequately filled and blood CANNOT circulate normally is called __________.
atherosclerosis arteriosclerosis circulatory shock varicose veins hypertension
circulatory shock
Reduction in the lumen diameter of a blood vessel as the smooth muscle contracts is known as __________.
arteriosclerosis atherosclerosis varicose veins vasoconstriction vasodilation
vasoconstriction
The only vessels that provide direct access to nearly every cell in the body are the __________.
venules arteries veins capillaries arterioles
capillaries
Which of the following regulates blood flow at the entrance to each true capillary?
valves tunica intima lymph nodes tunica externa precapillary sphincter
precapillary sphincter
Loss of vasomotor tone that results in a huge drop in peripheral resistance is known as __________.
vasoconstriction varicose veins atherosclerosis vascular shock hypertension
vascular shock
Which of the layers of an artery wall is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system and many hormones?
tunica media
subendothelial layer
tunica media
tunica externa
tunica media
Which of the following types of blood vessels have the proportionally thickest tunica media of all vessels?
vasa vasorum
elastic arteries
arterioles
muscular arteries
muscular arteries
The minute-to-minute blood flow through the capillary beds is determined by the __________.
number of elastic fibers in conducting arteries
constriction of elastic arteries
diameter of arterioles
elastic lamina on both sides of the tunica media in muscular arteries
diameter of arterioles
The presence of __________ stabilizes the wall of capillaries.
gap junctions
valves
pericytes
elastic fibers
pericytes
At the arteriolar end of a capillary, __________ pushes fluid into the capillary.
hydrostatic pressure in the interstitial fluid
osmotic pressure in the capillary
hydrostatic pressure in the capillary
osmotic pressure in the interstitial fluid
hydrostatic pressure in the interstitial fluid
The flow of blood from the left ventricle to the right atrium is called the __________.
pulmonary circulation
systemic circulation
microcirculation
hepatoportal circulation
systemic circulation
A metarteriole is a vessel that __________.
drains the capillary bed
returns interstitial fluid to the circulation
is intermediate between a capillary and a venule
is intermediate between the arteriole and the capillary bed
is intermediate between the arteriole and the capillary bed
Which of the following conditions would NOT increase the chances of developing varicose veins?
a potbelly in an obese person
standing to attention for long periods of time
running in place
pregnancy
running in place
Up to 65% of the body’s blood supply is found in __________.
arterioles
arteries
capillaries
veins
veins
Changes in peripheral resistance are primarily driven by __________.
blood viscosity
blood vessel diameter
blood vessel length
tunica intima thickness
blood vessel diameter
n elastic lamina on both sides of the tunica media is a characteristic of __________.
elastic arteries
muscular arteries
conducting arteries
all arteries
muscular arteries
Which of the following is the major force generating blood flow?
the pumping action of the heart blood vessel diameter total blood vessel length peripheral resistance blood viscosity
the pumping action of the heart
Blood services the myocardium of the heart by coronary vessels that originate from the __________.
aorta inside of the ventricles superior vena cava pulmonary artery pulmonary veins
aorta
The vessel layer that has a direct role in vasoconstriction is the __________.
tunica media
tunica externa
tunica intima
endothelium
tunica media
Blood flows directly from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ into capillary beds. muscular arteries arterioles venules elastic arteries
arterioles
The vessels that exhibit the lowest level of permeability are the __________.
fenestrated capillaries
capillaries found in the glomerulus of the kidney
sinusoid capillaries
continuous capillaries
continuous capillaries
When would the capillary beds surrounding the gastrointestinal organs be open? during exercise while sleeping between meals when digesting a meal
when digesting a meal
Blood flow would be increased by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. increasing blood vessel length increasing cardiac output decreasing blood pressure decreasing vessel diameter
increased cardiac output
Which of the following acts on the kidneys and blood vessels to raise blood pressure? atrial natriuretic peptide antidiuretic hormone epinephrine angiotensin II
antidiuretic hormone
If the net filtration pressure (NFP) is positive, then fluid is reabsorbed into the blood.
True
False
False
Which of the following would experience increased blood flow during exercise? kidneys intestines skin brain
skin
Fluids are likely to leave or filter out of the capillary if __________.
net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is less than net osmotic pressure (OP)
net filtration pressure (NFP) is negative
osmotic pressure (OP) in the capillary is high
net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is greater than net osmotic pressure (OP)
net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is greater than net osmotic pressure (OP)
Blood flows from the lungs to the __________ via the __________.
left atrium; pulmonary veins
right atrium; pulmonary arteries
left atrium; pulmonary arteries
right atrium; pulmonary veins
left atrium; pulmonary veins
Blood from the brain is returned to the heart via the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. abdominal aorta inferior vena cava superior vena cava thoracic aorta
superior vena cava
The hepatic portal system collects blood from the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and then routes it to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. liver; GI tract GI tract; liver liver; kidneys kidneys; liver
GI tract; liver
