Blood vessels Flashcards
exam 2
what are the 5 types of blood vessels
arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins
what blood vessels talke blood away from heart
arteries and arterioles
what blood vessels take blood to heart
venules and veins
what happens at capillaries
they are the site of exchange, like gases or nutreints/wast
are veins often oxygenated or de
deoxygenated, colored as blue
are arteries often oxygnated or de
oxygenated , colored as red
what are the 3 layer in the structure of blood vessels
tunica adventitia/externa,
tunica media,
tunica intima
what is tunica adventitia made up of, and why
dense, irregular CT. it is to prevent overexpansion of b.v / rupture, and to help anchor b.v. to nearby structures.
what is the thin internal layer of tunica adventitia made of
loose CT
what is the tunica media made of and what is its function
smooth muscle, functions in vasoconstrictuion, and decreases lumen diameter.
helps the artery remain in shape and less bloated
what innervates tunica media
SNS only
tunica intima is made of and does what
is a thin external layer of loose CT, but the deepest layer is simple squamous epithelium
it is a smooth inside lining to decrease friction related to blood flow
is tunica media larger in veins or arteries
arteries
do arteries have a high or low pressure
high
is tunica intima rippled in arteries or veins
arteries
tunica media thickness in arteries helps to cause what
the rounder shape
and increased elastic fibers, external/internal elastic lamina in arteries leads to what
blood pushed forward during ventricular diastole due to elastic recoil
what do arteris have high pressure
close to heart, systemic, thick smooth muscle to deal with increased pressure
when can arteries strech vs recoil
stretch during LV systole and recoil during LV diastole
what does artery recoil do
pushes bllood forward during LV diastole.
this smooths out fluxuations in smaller b.v and decreases stress on smaller arteries
what is atherosclerosis
disease state of artery where fatty deposits develop in the wall of an artery.
it is an inflammatory reaction
what is stenosis
the narrowing of a blood vessle, could block blood flow
what is the bigger risk of stenosis
that the plaque ruptures and a chunk moves within b.v and gets trapped in a smaller b.v and blocks blood flow
what is arterior schelerosis
trouble pushing blood trhough/ hardeneing of the b.v wall due to calcium or scar tissue.
in major blood vessles, what does it mean that the lumen narrows but blood flow through that bv is constant
the blood with flow faster through that area and have a higher velocity.
if overall pressure is constant and there is an increase in dynamic pressure what happens to lateral pressure
it decreases
what is coronary artery disease
artherosclerosis in coronary arteries
what is coronary ischemia
decrease blood supply to heart muscle
what is angina pectoralis
pain associated with coronay ischemia
what is myocardal infarction
severely decreased or blocked blood flow to heart muscle …. muscle tissue dies
risk factors are associated with ___ % of all heart attacks
90 %
risk facotrs of coronary artery disease
smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, abdominal obesity, stress, diet, excess alcohol, lack of regular exercise.
3 treatments for coronary artery disease
reduce risk facotrs,
baloon angioplasty,
coronary bypass
how do reduce risk factors
change diet/exercise
durgs like for blood pressure or to lower cholesterol
what does the ballon angioplasty do
surgically repairs a blood vessel . injects mildly radioactive dye, then x-ray, smaller guide wire to insert ballong tipped tube and then blow up the ballon/deflate it.
what does a coronary bypass do
the ven from leg attach it to aorta and then distal to blockage
describe an aneurism of an artery
widened artery due to weakening in b.v wall, may rupture, often undetected until rupture,
causes of aneurism
atheroschelerosis, high pressure, infection, scar tissue inherited
does an aneurism demonstrate a positive or negative feedback loop
positive
are anurisms self propagating diseases
yes
is arteriorschlerosis a self propagating desease
yes
what do smaller arterises branch to form
arterioles
what decreases in arterioles
tunica externa and tunice media layers
in arteries does the total peripheral resistance/blood pressure increase or decrease
decrease
why do you need to decrease b.p before delivering blood to capillaries
to prevent damage to capillaries
in arterioles there is an increase or decrease in diameter and an increase or decrease in pressure
increase in diameter means a decrease in pressure.
what does arterovenous anastomesis do
bypass capillary beds
arterioles determine blood flow into what
capillaries
what is a precapillary sphincter
ring of smooth muscle
a decrease of oxygen levels within arterioles lead to what
vasodialation of precapillary sphincter
what are capillaries primarily called
exchange vessels
info on diameter and layers of capillaries
tiny diameter
only have tunica intima
what are the functions of tunica intima in capillaries
diffusion and filtration
what are the 3 types of capillaries
continuous capillareis
fenestrated capillaries
sinusoids
what is the most common capillarie
continuous capillaries
are the tunica intima and basemembrane present in continuous capillaries,
yes, they are intact
what do fenestrated capillares do
filtration pores through endothelia cells
what is intact in fenestrated capillaries
basemenet membrane
where are fenestrated capillareiws
choroid plexus, hypothalamus, kindeys
where are sinusoid capillaries
liver, blone marrow, spleen some endocrine glands
which capillareis have large filtration pores and which capillaries have faster exchange pores
larger is sinusoids
faster is fenestrated
do sinusoids have a basememtn membrane
thin, and fragmented but yes
what is hydrostatic pressure
pressure exerted by liquid volume
in hyrostatic pressure what is the out pressure and what is the in pressure
out is blood hydrostatic pressure and
in is interstital fluid hydrostaticpressure
what is colloid osmotic pressure basically
dissolved solutes
what is the in and out pressure of colloid osmotic pressure
blood colloid osmotic presure due to solutes in blood is the IN
intersitial fluid osmotic pressure is the OUT
what is net filtration pressure
OUT-IN
if net filtration pressure is positive, then what is net filtration
out
if net filtration pressure is negative, then what is net filtration
in
what is equilibirum at capillaries
volume leaving CV system = volume returning to CV system
blood flow from capillary into venule does what
retuns fluids and waste to blood
blood flow from arteriole into capillary does what
filters blood
what is dynamic equilbirum
volume leaving = volume entering
are venules/veins low or high pressure
low
basic info on venules/veins
increased thickness of walls
all 3 layers present
lack elastic lamina
decreased elasticity
how much % of the total blood volume do veins contain
60 to 70
what do vlaves do . what are they made of
flaps of tunica intima
they prevent the backflow of blood
any movement that compresses veins with push blood where
toward heart
what are varicose veins
dialated and edemic veins
twhere the valves are not as strong and can pool in body
3 types of varicose veins
hemorroids
spider angiomas
port wine stains
what has the largest affect on blood pressure
distance from heart
