Blood Flashcards
Exam 2
what are the 2 circulatory systems
cardiovascular
lymphatic
is the cardiovascular system a closed or open system
closed, the blood doesnt leave the loop
is the lymphatic system a closed or open system
open system, it picks up excess ECF and returns to CV system
what are the 3 main componenets of the cardiovascular system
heart
blood vessels
blood
what are the 3 overarching functions of blood
transport
regulation
and protection
what does blood all transport
gases
nutrients
waste products
hormones
proteins
what are the gases that blood transports
co2 and o2
ex of nutrient that blood transports
glucose
examples of waste products that the blood transports
lactic acid, urea protein breakdown products
where are most proteins transported by the blood actually synthesized
the liver
what is albumin
a major contributor to blood osmolarity and is a nonspecific binding protein
what are other proteins transported by the liver
globins like antibodies or binding proteins
clotting factors
and enzymes
what are 3 ways that blood acts in regulation
distribution of heat
to be a buffer
electrolyte balance
how does blood regulate/distribute heat
heat is picked up from muscle maintains normal body temp
body can do vasoconstriction of superficial dermel blood vessels to retain heat OR
can do vasodilation of superficial dermel blood vessels to red of excess heat
does vasoconstriction retain or rid heat
retain
does vasodilation retain or rid heat
rid
what is the normal blood pH
7.35 to 7.45
what does albumin bind to
excess H+ ions
what can hemoglobin bind
also excess H+ ions
what does the Na+/K+ pump affect
nerve conduction and skeletal muscle contraction
what does Ca++ affect
cardiac muscle activity contraction
what are the 2 ways that blood aids in protection
immunity and clotting
what part of the blood aids in immunity
leukocytes (WBC)
what part of the blood aids in clotting
thrombocytes (platelets)
what 2 large components make up whole blood
formed elements and plasma
what 3 componenets make up formed elements
erythrocytes
leukocytes
thrombocytes
how much percent do formed elements take up in whole blood. plasma ?
45 %
and plasma is 55%
info on erythrocytes
red blood cells, 99% of cells, med size, bicon caved disc, no nucleus
info on leukocytes
carry O2, are white blood cells, large, round, have nucleus, immunity
info on thrombocytes
they are platelets, like cell fragments, no nucleus, quite small
break up plasma components by components
water - 92 %
proteins, ions, nutients, waste products, gases, etc. - 8%
what i serum
plasma - clotting
hematocrit def
% whole blood made up of cells by vol 45 %
% of RBC in whole blood
HCT =
PCV/TV *100
RBC/TOTAL
what does anemia do
decrease o2 carrying capacity (<30% HCT)
polycythemia is what
blood is to thick, more viscous (>60% HCT)
why can you give plasma more than blood
plasma is mostly h2o and can be replenished quicker than blood
Benefits of thin blood
flows easier, heart works less hard, low blood pressure
negatives of thin blood
bleeding disorder, hypotension, anemia, low immunity
benefits of thick blood
more o2 available, increased immunity
negatives of thick blood
hypertension, increases viscosity, heart works harder, increased clotting
does thin or thick blood have high HCT
thick blood
what is hypoxia
low o2 at tissue because hemoglobin is abnormal. this damages capillaries, decreases blood flow, and slows breathing
what are legitimate reasons for taking erethroprotein
kidney disease, anemia, altitide sickness
what are illegitimate reasons for taking erethroprotein
athletes to enhance performance
blood color, why? O2 vs deoxygneated?
red because of hemoglobin
deoxygenated is a dusty red/brown but is drawn as blue
quantitiy of blood in body
4-6 L
~ 8 % of bw
specific gravity of blood
1.06
ph range of blood
7.35 to 7.45
why do erythrocytes have an increased surface area
for absorption of o2
how much space does hemoglobin take up on an erythrocyte
1/3 volume of cell
do erythrocytes have a nucleus or mitochondria ?
no, neither
lifespan of an erythrocyte
120 day
shape of erythrocytes (RBC)
biconcave disk
what does hemoglobin do
carry o2
what does globin mean in hemoglobin
protein
4 peptide chains
what does heme mean in hemoglobin
ring strucutre
iron
what does iron bind
o2 and co2
what binds easier,,, o2 or co2
co2
what is erythropoiesis
formation of red blood cells
what is a hemocytoblast
blood stem cells that are found in red bone marrow
phagocytosing of erythrocyte
to a worn out RBC, they fuse vesicle with lysosome, which seperates protein from heme
why is recycled in erythrocyte degradation
amino acids and iron
Bili what now>
bilverdin- green
bilirubin- yellow
what is a type of anemia that is genetic
sickle cell anemia
what causes hemolytic anemia
RBC lyse
what is pernicious anemia
cant produce intrinsic factors that allow for absorption of iron
ABO gene is located on what chromosome
9
Rh factor gene is located on what chromosome
1
what does the glycosyltransferase enzyme do
modifies CHOs
what are the types of blood in the ABO system
Type A, B, AB, and O
what are the types of blood in the Rh factor
Rh + and Rh -
what do the Rh factor mean in antigen terms
D antigen
what does Rh factor code for
gene codes for ammonia transporter
Type A + blood antigens and antibodies
A and D antigens
anti B antibodies
Type B+ blood antigens and antibodies
B and D antigens
anti A antibodies
Type AB+ blood antigens and antibodies
A, B, and D antigens
no antibodies
type O+ blood antigens and antibodies
D antigens
Anti A and B antibodies
Type A- blood antigens and antibodies
A antigens
anti b antibodies
type B- blood antigens and antibodies
b antigens
anti A antibodies
type AB- blood antigens and antibodies
A and B antigens
no antibodies
Type O- blood antigens and antibodies
no antigens
anti A and B antibodies
exposure to A and B antigens is due to what
gut fluera
what is the only time you make anti d
if you are Rh - and exposed to someone elses blood
what is agglutination
when blood clumps due to antibody-antigen interactions
