Blood part 2 (cells) Flashcards
what is erythroblastosis fetalis
hemolytic disease of newborn
see immature RBC in sample of blood
when does erythroblastosis fetalis occus
when mother is (-) and fetus is (+)
if anti d antibodies cross placenta and enter fetus’s blood then what
rxn of aggulination followed hemolysis
how to prevent erythroblastosis fetalis
rhogam=anti d antibodies
passive immunization to prevent your own immune system from responding.
administered twice… at 20 wks if mom is Rh- and after birth if infant is Rh+
5 types of leukocytes from most to least commeon
neurophils, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophils, basophils
what are the 3 granulocytes
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
what are the 2 agranulocytes
lymphocyte, monocyte
what does granulocytes mean
the cell has granules
hemopoiesis def
process of how blood cells are formed in the body
what are most blood cells developed from
myeloid stem cellsw
what is the stem cell for all blood cell types
hemocytoblasts
what do lymphoid stem cells make, where does that mature?
lymphocyte and mature steps are not in bone marrow
Neutrophils size
med to large
neutrophils nuclus info
segmented nucleus, 3 to 5 segments
neutrophils function
phagocytosis
eosinophils size
med to small
eosinophils nuclus info
biolobed nucleus, 2 lobes
eosinophils function
phagocytosis,
anti inflammatory chemicals
basophils size
med to small
basophils nuclus info
bilobed nuclus, but is obscured by the dark staining granules
basophils function
phagocytosis
secrete histamine and heparin
histamine def
inflammatory chemical.
a vasodilator, increase blood flow to infected area and increase permeability of blood vessel wall to white blood cell
heparin def
prevent blood clotting
lymphocytes size
small to large
lymphocytes nucleus info
large, round nucleus
lymphocytes function
secrete t and b cells
t cells info
found in thymus, is a cell mediated immunity, it perforates cell membranes and kills cell
b cells info
found in bone marrow, and they produce antibodies
what WBC can live for years and remember encountering illness
lymphocytes
monocytes size
large
monocytes nuclues info
kidney, shaped nucleus
monocytes function
phagocytosis
what do monocytes become if they leave blood
macrophages
what can macrophages differentiate into
microglia or osteoclast
what are thrombocytes
platelets
thrombocytes size
very small
do thrombocytes have a nucleus
no
thrombocytes function
clotting
how do thrombocytes clot
they contain chemicals that are part of the clothing cascade
they stick together if activated to form a platelet plug
3 steps fo blood clotting
vascular spasm
formation of platelet plug
coagulation
what are the 2 ways a blood clotting cascade can start
intrinsic mechanism and extrinsic mechanism
what factor connects extrinsic and intrinsic mechanism
factor X
where are many clotting factors produced
by the liver, inactive forms in blood
what are the 3 types of blood clotting disorders that we talked about
hemophilia,
hemorrhage,
thrombus/embolism
what is hemophilia
a genetic disease, lack one or more clotting factors therefore, blood does not clot properly
hemorrhage info
sudden loss of blood
transfusion= formed elements and saline
thrombus/embolism info
thrombus is a stationary blood clot
embolism is a traveling blood clot
what are the 4 anticoagulants
heparin, coumarin, aspirin, tissue plaminogen activator
heparin info
a natural anticoagulant made by humans, inhibit factor IX
coumarin info
rat poison, causes internal bleeding
inhibits vit K, need to synthesize 4 clotting factors
aspirin info
inhibits thromboxane, needed for platelet and prevent platelets from releasing granules
tissue plasminogen activator info
breaks up clots
blood has several functions which are associated with the what
componenets that make up blood
