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Cardio Anatomy > Blood vessels > Flashcards

Blood vessels Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three distinct tissue layers in both arteries and veins?

A

The three distinct tissue layers are tunica interna, tunica media, and tunica externa.

These layers are present in both arteries and veins.

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2
Q

What is the innermost layer of arteries and veins called?

A

The innermost layer is called tunica interna, which is the endothelium.

The tunica interna is the innermost layer in both arteries and veins.

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3
Q

What is the middle layer of arteries and veins known as?

A

The middle layer is called tunica media, which contains circularly arranged smooth muscle and elastic fibers.

This layer provides structural support and elasticity.

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4
Q

What is the outer layer of arteries and veins composed of?

A

The outer layer is called tunica externa, which is mostly connective tissue and collagen fibers.

The tunica externa provides protection and support to the blood vessels.

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5
Q

What does ‘vasomotor’ refer to?

A

Actions of blood vessels to change their diameter

Vasomotor refers to actions of blood vessels to change their diameter.

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6
Q

What regulates vasomotor actions?

A

The medulla oblongata

These actions are regulated by the medulla oblongata.

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7
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

The lumen enlarges or widens. Smooth muscles in the walls of arteries or large veins relax, which leads to an increase in local blood flow (hyperemia) and a decrease in blood pressure.

Example sentence: Vasodilation occurs in response to increased demand for oxygen during exercise.

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8
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

The lumen becomes smaller or narrows. Smooth muscles in the walls of arteries or large veins contract, which leads to a decrease in local blood flow (ischemia) and an increase in blood pressure.

Example sentence: Vasoconstriction is a physiological response to cold temperatures to conserve heat.

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9
Q

What happens as the heart beats and ejects blood?

A

The arterial walls expand and recoil.

This arterial expansion is called a pulse.

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10
Q

Where can a pulse be felt?

A

A pulse can be felt in arteries near the surface of the body.

Example sentence: I could feel my pulse in my wrist.

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11
Q

Facial Pulse

A

On the mandible or jawbone in line with the corners of the mouth.

Example sentence: The facial pulse can be felt on the mandible near the corners of the mouth.

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12
Q

Brachial Pulse

A

Front of the elbow.

No additional information provided.

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13
Q

Femoral Pulse

A

Inner thigh between the pubic symphysis and anterior superior iliac spine.

No additional information provided.

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14
Q

Posterior Tibial Pulse

A

Between the medial ankle bone and the Achilles tendon.

No additional information provided.

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15
Q

Dorsalis Pedis Pulse

A

Top of the foot lateral to extensor hallucis longus.

No additional information provided.

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16
Q

What is the functional unit of the cardiovascular system?

A

Capillaries

This is where gas exchange occurs between blood and body cells

17
Q

What is blood flow to capillary beds referred to as?

A

Microcirculation

Exchange of gases at the capillary level is called internal respiration

18
Q

What is the exchange of gases at the capillary level called?

A

Internal respiration

Example sentence: During internal respiration, oxygen is taken up by the blood and carbon dioxide is released from the blood.

19
Q

What is venous return?

A

The rate blood flows back to the heart.

Another mechanism that assists venous return is the skeletal muscle pump, the squeeze-and-release action against venous walls that occurs when skeletal muscles contract and relax

20
Q

What is the skeletal muscle pump?

A

The squeeze-and-release action against venous walls that occurs when skeletal muscles contract and relax.

Another mechanism that assists venous return

21
Q

What does the respiratory pump promote?

A

Venous return through pressure changes that occur during breathing.

The respiratory pump promotes venous return through pressure changes that occur during breathing.

22
Q

What effect does inhalation have on pressure in the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity?

A

Inhalation causes a pressure decrease in the thoracic cavity and an increase in the abdominal cavity, creating an upward ‘sucking’ effect, and pushing blood toward the heart.

Inhalation causes a pressure decrease in the thoracic cavity and an increase in the abdominal cavity, creating an upward ‘sucking’ effect, and pushing blood toward the heart.

23
Q

What are changes in muscle tone inside venous walls called?

A

Venomotor tone

Changes in muscle tone inside venous walls are called venomotor tone.

24
Q

What is the phenomenon called when there is a lack of venomotor tone leading to a sudden drop in blood pressure?

A

Postural (orthostatic) hypotension

Lack of venomotor tone contributes to a sudden drop in blood pressure and resultant dizziness when sitting or standing upright from a recumbent position, a phenomenon called postural (orthostatic) hypotension.

25
Q

What major artery do all systemic arteries branch from?

A

The aorta

The largest artery in terms of diameter

26
Q

What are the three parts of the aorta?

A

Ascending aorta, aortic arch, and descending aorta

Descending aorta has thoracic above diaphragm and abdominal below diaphragm

27
Q

Where is the thoracic aorta located?

A

Above the diaphragm

28
Q

Where is the abdominal aorta located?

A

Below the diaphragm

29
Q

What does the carotid arteries supply?

A

Brain, face, and neck

30
Q

What regions of the body do the subclavian arteries supply?

A

Upper regions

31
Q

What regions of the body do the external iliac arteries supply?

A

Lower regions

32
Q

What are the largest veins in terms of diameter?

A

The vena cavae

Both drain into the right atrium.

33
Q

What does the superior vena cava drain blood from?

A

The upper half of the body

None

34
Q

What does the inferior vena cava drain blood from?

A

The lower half of the body

None

35
Q

Which vein is the longest in the body?

A

The great saphenous vein

None

36
Q

What does the jugular vein drain?

A

The brain, face, and neck

None

37
Q

What do the subclavian veins drain?

A

The upper regions of the body

None

38
Q

What do the common iliac veins drain?

A

The lower regions of the body

None

Cardio Anatomy (14 decks)

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