Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DMD 5247 Integrated Systems 2 Fast 2 Furious > Blood Vessel Pathology - Bikman > Flashcards

Blood Vessel Pathology - Bikman Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general steps in getting atherosclerosis?

A

Injury, monocyte adhesion and migration, macrophage activation, leukocytes and smooth muscle cells engulf lipids, collagen and lipid deposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are risk factors for atherosclerosis?

A

Non-modifiable - age, gender, genetics

Modifiable- lifestyle, cigarette smoking, diabetes, inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are other complications of atherosclerosis?

A

Aneurism, thrombosis, embolus, calcification, stenosis, calcification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two types of cholesterol patterns?

A

Type A- less dense and larger

Type B- dense and small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which of the two cholesterol patterns is worse?

A

Type B

Think of the tennis ball and golf ball scenario

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are risk factors for Type B pattern cholesterol?

A

Genetics, oral contraceptive, diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Can you measure LDL B? If so, how?

A

Can be measured in size but usually that is not how it is tested.

Can use the triglyceride:HDL
Less than a 1.5 ratio is good

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Is LDL B with no modifications bad?

A

No; it needs to be oxidized by a free radical such as ROS to cause foam cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the effects of glucagon and insulin on cholesterol?

A

Glucagon- decreases cholesterol

Insulin- increases cholesterol and absorption of cholesterol in the intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do statins do?

A

They inhibit HMG-CoA reductase which produces cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the side effects of statins?

A

Increases risk of diabetes
Kidney failure
Liver failure
Muscle failure (rhabdomyolysis) - decreased ubiquinone decreases the mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an alternative to statins?

A

Asprin- cheaper and less side effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the functions of cholesterol?

A 
Cell membrane fluidity
Steroid synthesis
Ubiquinone
Bile Salts
Vitamin D
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hypertension and the two types

A

Having blood pressure 140/90
Asymptomatic

Benign-primary (no reason), secondary (from a defect ie.renal defect)

Malignant-lethal within 1-2 years and usually accompanied by renal failure, retinal hemmorrages, papilledema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the main benefactor to hypertension?

A

Insulin resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the other primary benefactors to hypertension?

A

RAAS dysfunction, enhanced GF activity, SNS (sympathetic nervous system) dysfunction, dyslipidemia, decrease in nitric oxide

17
Q

True or False: Salt is the main proponent in hypertension

A

False, mostly genetic, but also has to do with lipid and weight gain

18
Q

What are the two types of aneurysms?

A

True- all the walls of the vessel are distended

False- one layer broken and blood pooling

19
Q

How can you cause aneurysms?

A

arterosclerosis, marfans syndrome, trauma, congenital defects, infections

20
Q

What are the types of aortic dissection?

A

aortic wall tears and blood pouring into the walls

Type 1A- ascending aorta and distal ends
Type 2A- ascending aorta only
Type B- descending aorta

“false aneurysm”

21
Q

What is vasculitits?

A

Inflammation of blood vessel

22
Q

Giant cell arteritis

A

Vasculitis
Inflammation of large to small blood vessels in the head
Most common
Treatment: corticosteroids

23
Q

Takayasu arteritis

A 
Vasculitis
Severe narrowing of major arches off the aortic arch 
Weak pulse 
Ocular disturbences 
"pulselessness" disease
24
Q

Polyarteritis nodosa

A

Vasculitis
Death of blood vessels from scarring
Fatal if untreated
Necrotizing vasculitis

25
Q

Wegener gramulomatosis

A 
Vasculitis 
Triad of symptoms: renal disease, vasculitis, ANCA positive
More common in over 40 yrs
Fatal if untreated 
Granulomas in the lungs
Similar to Churg-Strauss Syndrome
26
Q

Churg-Strauss Syndrome

A

Vasculitis
Similar to Wegeners granulomatosis
Vasculitis in the lungs

27
Q

Microscopic Angititis

A

Vasculitis of smaller vessels
Antibody response to drug or bug
Possibly type 3 hypersensitivity
Removing the offending agent usually resolves the problem

28
Q

Hemanginoma

A

Benign Blood vessel tumor

Different kinds: capillary, cavernous, pyogenic

29
Q

Glomus Tumor

A

Affects nails

Benign but painful

30
Q

Kaposi Sarcoma

A

Low grade malignancy
Affects different cultures differently (Jewish males and Africans)
AIDS and transplant associated

31
Q

Angiosarcoma

A

Malignant
Fatal
Can get from being exposed to arsenic

DMD 5247 Integrated Systems 2 Fast 2 Furious (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions