Blood vessel CS part 2 Flashcards
what are part of the cardio system & comprise the portion commonly referred to as the circulatory system
Blood vessels
What are the two sets of blood vessels?
pulmonary and systemic vessels
What. vessel transports blood from L ventricle through body and back to R atrium?
Systemic vessels
What vessel transport blood form R ventricle though lungs and back to L atrium?
Pulmonary Vessels
What are the three main type of vessels that form continuous passageway from heart, body, back to heart?
Arteries, capillaries, Veins.
In blood vessels, internal to outer walls consist of 3 tissue layers, what are they?
Tunica intima/inetrna (inner)
Tunica Media ( middle)
Tunica externa (outer)
The internal layer of Tunica Interna consist of 4 layers, what are they?
- Endothelium
- Basement membrane
- Lamina Propria
- Internal Elastic Membrane
What layer separates Tunica internal from tunica media?
Internal Elastic Membrane
An increase in blood vessel diameter resulting from smooth muscle relaxation
Vasodilation
A decrease in blood vessel diameter, resulting from contraction of these smooth muscles
Vasoconstriction
In tunica media, what increases blood flow through vessels?
Vasodilation
In tunica media, what decreases blood flow through vessels ?
Vasoconstriction
What is the tunica media consist of ?
Smooth muscle and External Elastic membrane.
In what specific muscle does vasoconstriction and vasodilation take place?
Smooth muscle
What tissue is the Tunica Externa made up of ?
Connective tissue
What are the type of arteries?
Elastic, muscular, and arterioles.
A blood leaves ventricles, what are the steps is takes to transition to other arteries?
first travels through elastic arteries, which transition to muscular arteries, then to arterioles.
Which arteries recoil when stretched to prevent blood pressure from falling rapidly?
Elastic arteries because it has a lot of elastic tissue.
which arteries is affected by fluctuations in blood pressure ?
Elastic Arteries.
Which two membranes merge in the elastic arteries?
Internal & external elastic membrane.
What artery wall has meshwork of elastic fibers & interspersed smooth muscle, some collagenous fiber?
Tunica Media
Where is the blood pressure relatively high due to closeness to ventricles ?
Elastic arteries (conduction arteries)
Where can all 3 layers of artery wall can be identified?
The arterioles arteries, smallest
What is the most common type of blood vessel?
Capillaries
Where do the RBCs flow through in single file & are frequently folded?
In smallest capillaries.
What arteries exchanges between blood & interstitial spaces ?
Across thin walls of capillaries.
Capillaries consist of internal layer of tunica intima made of simple squamous epithelial cells called
Endothelium
Scattered fibroblasts, macrophages, un differentiated smooth muscle fibers that are located between basement membrane & endothelial cells
Pericapillary cells
Where can you find pericapillary cells?
Capillaries
What are the 3 types of capillaries ?
Continuous, 7-9um in diamter
fenestrated , 70-100nnm diameter
Sinusoidal, larger than the other
Which capillary has no gaps in the walls between endothelial cells
Continuous Capillaries
What type of capillary is located in muscle nervous tissue & locations?
Continuous Capillaries
Found in tissues where capillaries are highly permeable.
Fenestrated Capillaries
Gaps can exist between endothelial cells in what capillaries?
Sinusoidal Capillaries
What capillary exist in places where large molecules & sometime whole cells move across the capillary wall. Ex) liver, endocrine gland
Sinusoidal Capillaries.
Capillary substances cross capillary walls by diffusing through
endothelial cells and fenestrae
Where does the lipid soluble substances (O2 & CO2) and small, water soluble molecules readily diffuse through the endothelial cells?
Capillary premeability
What must pass through fenestrae or gaps between endothelial cells in the capillary permeability?
Larger water soluble
What can be a possible transport mechanism in the capillary permeability?
Pinocytosis.
Where does capillaries form branching networks in?
Tissues.
What role do arterioles have in capillary nnetwork?
Supply blood
What are metarterioles?
short vessels between arterioles & capillary network
From where does blood flow through thoroughfare channel to a venule ?
From metarterioles
What forms precapillary sphincters?
Branches of capillary bed that have isolated sections of circular smooth muscle.
What regulates the blood in capillary branches ?
Constriction of precapillary sphincters.
What capillaries is closer to arterioles?
Arterial capillaries
What capillary is closer to venules?
Venous Capillaries.
Blood flows into venules, the smallest veins from where?
Capillary network.
In what kind of tissues are capillary networks are more extensive ?
Highly metabolic.
Capillaries in skin assist with what ?
thermoregulation
What allows for exchange of nutrients & waste products ?
Capillaries.
From Capillaries, where does blood flow to next?
Viens
What walls are thinners than walls of arteries?
Wall of Veins
What has less elastic tissue & less smooth muscle fibers?
Viens
When will the vein diameter & thickness of wall increase?
As blood flows towards the heart.
Veins classified by size are called
Venules, small veins, medium/large veins
What is the smallest veins?
Venules, diameter up to 50
What happens to the veins as they approach the heart ?
Veins increase in size.
Which vein is intima, media, and externa present ?
Medium & large veins.
Via what are capillary networks connected too in some areas of the body?
via Portal veins.
What are the 3 portal vein systems?
Hepatic portal veins , hypothalamohypophysical portal veins, renal nephron portal systems.
Which portal vein carries blood from capillaries in GI tract & spleen to capillaries in liver?
Hepatic
Which portal vein carries blood from capillaries in hypothalamus to capillaries in anterior pituitary gland?
Hypothalamohypophysical portal vein
what vein portal is associated with urine forming structures in kidneys ?
Renal nephron portal system.
What do veins with diameters of >2mm have?
Valves
what is made of folds in tunica intima, forming flaps which overlap in the middle?
Valves
What ensures one way flow of blood ?
Valves
What forms capillary network for tunica externa & media?
Vasa vasorum
what penetrate the vessel from exterior?
Vasa vasorum
Nerve fibers branch to form plexuses in
tunica externa and project into tunica media.
What are innervated by sympathetic nerve fibers?
Most of blood vessel walls.
What causes constriction?
Sympathetic stimulation
what causes dilation?
parasympathetic
What are the 3 major arteries of the arm?
Subclavian artery, axillary artery, and brachial artery.
What arteries does the brachial artery divides at elbow?
Radial & Ulnar artery
What artery supplies blood to forearm, hand, and fingers?
Radial & Ulnar Artery
What artery branches from the palmar arches to supply digits?
Digital arteries.
What is portion of the descending aorta superior to the diaphragm?
Thoracic aorta
Where can you find structures like the heart, lungs, & respiratory passages, esophagus, ribcage?
Thoracic cavity.
What is portion of the descending aorta inferior to diaphragm?
Abdominal Aorta
Where can you find structures like digestive organs, small & large intestines, liver, kidneys, adrenal glands, gonads?
Abdominal aorta
what kind of Branches thoracic aorta divides into 2 groups?
Visceral and parietal branches.
What supplies portions of thoracic organs?
Visceral arteries/branches
What branch supplies the portion of thoracic wall?
Parietal branch.
What supplies the diaphragm ?
Superior Phrenic Arteries
What supplies thoracic wall beginning at posterior of body?
Posterior intercostals.
What other sources of blood supplies the thoracic wall?
Internal thoracic wall, gives rise to anterior intercostals.
What supplies small intestine, parts of large intestine?
Superior Mesenteric Artery
What supplies adrenal glands?
Suprarenal arteries.
What supplies the kidneys?
Renal Arteries.
What supplies gonads?
Gonadal Arteries.
What supplies portions of large intestine, rectum?
Inferior mesenteric artery.
Celiac Trunk, Superior Mesenteric artery, suprarenal artery, renal, gonadal, and inferior mesenteric are all part of what branch?
Visceral branch from the abdominal aorta.
Inferior phrenic arteries, lumbar arteries, and median sacral artery are all part of what branch ?
Parietal Branches from the abdominal aorta.
What supplies the diaphragm in the parietal branches?
Inferior phrenic arteries.
What artery from the parietal branch supplies back and abdominal wall?
Lumbar Arteries.
What artery in the parietal branches supplies inferior vertebrae?
Median sacral artery.
What artery of the pelvis supplies the pelvic area?
Internal iliac arteries.
Are Superficial veins larger or smaller than deep veins in limbs?
In limbs, smaller than deep veins
In head and trunk, larger or smaller than deep veins?
Larger than deep veins. ex. internal jugular vein
What 3 veins returns deoxygenated blood when it is returned to R Atrium ?
Coronary sinus, superior vena cava, and inferior vena cava.
What returns blood from cardiac veins, which drain walls of heart?
Coronary sinus
Returns blood from head neck, thorax, upper limbs
Superior vena cava
returns blood from abdomen pelvis and lower limbs
Inferior vena cava
What are two major veins that drain blood from head & neck
External & internal jugular veins
What veins drains into subclavian vein?
External Jugular veins
Drain blood from superficial surface of posterior head & neck
External jugular veins
(more superficial & smaller)
Larger & deeper veins that drain blood from cranial cavity brain & anterior head, face, neck
internal jugular veins
formed from continuation of venous sinuses of cranial cavity
INternal jugular veins
Merges with subclavian vein to form brachioephalic veins
Internal Jugular veins
Upper limb are primarily drained by what veins? (CBB)
Cephalic vein, Basilic vein, and Brachial veins
What 3 major veins return blood form the thorax to the superior vena cava? (LRA)
Left brachiocephalic vein, right brachiocephalic vein, and azygos vein
From what vein will Blood from anterior thoracic wall drain into
brachiocephalic veins
What vein will blood from posterior thoracic wall drains into ?
Azygos vein on the R side, hemiazygos vein or Accessory hemiazygos vein on L side
Blood from the posterior abdominal wall drains into ?
Ascending lumbar veins
Blood from the rest of the abdomen, pelvis, lower
limbs drains into
Inferior vena cava
What determines blood movement through vessels?
Flow, Resistance, and pressure.
What Movement of blood is in smooth, concentric, parallel fashion
Laminar flow
What flow of blood in center is the quickest?
Laminar flow
What flow in outer “rings” subject to resistance from vessel wall (slower)?
Laminar flow
What flow is the movement of fluid through vessels in a non parallel fashion
Turbulent flow
What is caused by numerous small current, flowing at angles and form whorls ?
Turbulent flow
What happens to the rate of flow when rate of flow is excessively high?
Flow is turbulent
When there is a constriction/angle/rough surface in vessel wall and vibrations that can be audible through stethoscope, what is the flow?
Turbulent flow
What is a measure of the force blood exerts against blood vessel walls?
Blood pressure
What is the most common method for measuring blood pressure?
Auscultatory method
What vessel “opens” with sufficient blood pressure while taking blood pressure?
Vessel lumen
Are there any sounds when the cuff inflates brachial artery until it is compressed?
NO sounds
When pressure in cuff is released in turbulent flow, what sounds first occur at SBP?
Sounds of Korotkoff
When pressure in cuff is released in laminar flow resumes with DBP with no sounds.
TRUE
