Blood vessel

Question 1

BP =

Answer 1

cardiac output x total peripheral resistance

Question 2

what are collateral arteries?

Answer 2

blood supply that develops overtime to support others that aren’t working

Question 3

what are functional end arteries?

Answer 3

ineffectual anastomoses

Question 4

what is the tunica interna?

Answer 4

inner most layer of blood vessels

-simple squamous

Question 5

what is tunica media?

Answer 5

thickest layer of blood vessels

-smooth muscle fibers

Question 6

what is the tunic externa (adventitia)?

Answer 6

outer layer of blood vessels

-areolar CT (collagen and elastic fibers)

Question 7

what is a vaso vasorum?

Answer 7

blood vessel that feeds a blood vessel

Question 8

what autonomic innervation do peripheral blood vessels have?

Answer 8

ONLY sympathetic

• controlled by increase or decrease of sympathetic input
• relative vasodilation

Question 9

how are veins different than arteries?

Answer 9

arteries have thicker tunica media
veins have thicker tunica externa

arteries lumen remains open
veins lumen may collapse

Question 10

what is a sinus?

Answer 10

thin walled venous vessel without valves

Question 11

do you have perfusion during diastole?

Answer 11

yes, when elastic arteries recoil after being filled

Question 12

when do you use MAP?

Answer 12

iCU heart medicine

Question 13

what is arteriosclerosis?

Answer 13

stiffening of the arteries that occurs with age

Question 14

which type of vessel contributes most to blood pressure?

Answer 14

arterioles

Question 15

what is the job of the arterioles?

Answer 15

regulates blood flow into the capillary beds

Question 16

what is the relationship between flow (F) and pressure (P) and resistance (R)

Answer 16

INC F = INC P

INC F = DEC R

Question 17

when would you have active hyperemia?

Answer 17

when increased metabolism is present

Question 18

what local factors would cause arteriolar smooth muscle relaxation?

Answer 18

decreased oxygen
increased CO2
increased H+
increased adenosine
increased K+
increased eicosanoids
increased bradykinin
increased NO
increase osmotically active products

Question 19

what are eicosanoids?

Answer 19

prostaglandins and leukokines

Question 20

where would active hyperemia be needed most?

Answer 20

skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle
glands

Question 21

what is the idea of flow autoregulation?

Answer 21

homeostasis of the blood flow in the arteriole that supplies that particular organ

Question 22

what is a myogenic response?

Answer 22

when a vessel stretches it automatically contracts

Question 23

what causes a myogenic response?

Answer 23

changes in Ca movement in the smooth muscle

Question 24

what is a continuous capillary?

Answer 24

intercellular clefts
tight junctions
found in skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, skin, lungs, CNS
***most common type

Question 25

what is a fenestrated capillary?

Answer 25

contains pores along with intercellular clefts | found in kidney (glomerulus) , microvilli, choroid plexus, ciliary body of the eye and glands

Question 26

what is a sinusoid capillary?

Answer 26

large intercellular clefts and discontinuous capillaries, interrupted basement membrane found in red bone marrow, spleen**, liver, adenohypophysis, parathyroid, adrenal

Question 27

when does a venule become a vein?

Answer 27

when it reaches diameter of 100 micrometers

Question 28

which are the peripheral veins?

Answer 28

those that are outside the chest cavity

Question 29

where is most of the blood at any given time?

Answer 29

venous system (64%)

Question 30

what four things cause venous blood to flow?

Answer 30

valves skeletal muscle contraction respiratory contractions pressure gradient between venous system and RA

Question 31

what is the function of bulk flow?

Answer 31

distribution of the extracellular fluid volume

Question 32

where is most of the fluid in the body?

Answer 32

intracellular

Question 33

where is most of the extracellular fluid?

Answer 33

interstitial fluid

Question 34

what is net filtration pressure?

Answer 34

difference between capillary pressure and interstitial fluid = 10mmHg at the artery end =-9 mmHg at the venous edn

Question 35

what causes edema/ascites?

Answer 35

lack of albumin causes fluid to stay outside the plasma and not get sucked back in

Question 36

where are baroreceptors located?

Answer 36

aortic arch | carotid sinus

Question 37

what CN do baroreceptors use to communicate?

Answer 37

CN IX and X

Question 38

where do parasympathetic fibers go to the heart?

Answer 38

SA and AV node

Question 39

what is the response when baroreceptors are stretched?

Answer 39

``` increased para sympathetic (lower heart rate) decreased sympathetic (normalize blood vessel diameter) ```

Question 40

what is the response when baroreceptors decrease stretch?

Answer 40

``` decrease parasympathetic increase sympathetic (travel to SA, AV and myocardial cells, peripheral blood vessels-alpha1 receptor) ```