Blood, Urine and Faeces

Question 1

It is beneficial to fast a paitent for ____________ Hours before a sample is taken to avoid _____________

Answer 1

8 - 12 hours

Lipaemia

Question 2

Equipment needed for blood sampling

Answer 2

• Patient
• Clippers
• Blood tubes
• Appropriate needle/syringe
• Cleaning swabs -hibi-alcohol
• Gloves
• Pen to label samples
• Restraint - personnel, chemical, muzzle
• Clean swab for pressure

Question 3

What happens if the wrong size needle/syringe is used?

Answer 3

Needle - too small - damage blood cells
Syringe too big - too much pressure, damage to blood cells

Haemolysis

Question 4

Anticoagulants

Answer 4

Preserves the blood so analysis of whole blood can occur

Question 5

Anticoagulants - EDTA & Citrate

Answer 5

Anticoagulants that combine with calcium and cause the least cell damage.

Question 6

Anticoagulants - Heperin & Fluorides

Answer 6

Reduces the amount of glucose metabolised by the blood cells priory to glucose estimation

Question 7

Sample tubes:

Tubes - Pink/Red

Vacutainer - Lilac

Answer 7

Sample - Whole blood / Plasma

Additive - EDTA

Use -
Whole blood -Haemotology, Platelet count

Plasma - PRO BNP

Question 8

Sample tubes:

Tubes - Orange

Vacutainer - Green

Answer 8

Sample - Plasma

Additive - Lithium Heperin

Use - Biochemistry, Electrolytes

Haemotology in birds and reptiles

Question 9

Sample tubes:

Tubes - Yellow

Vacutainer - Grey

Answer 9

Sample - Whole blood

Additive - Fluoride/Oxalate

Use - Blood glucose

Question 10

Sample tubes:

Tubes - Blue/Purple/Green

Vacutainer - Light blue

Answer 10

Sample - Whole blood

Additive - Sodium Citrate

Use - Coagulation, Platelet count

Question 11

Sample tubes:

Tubes - White/Clear

Vacutainer - Red

Answer 11

Sample - Serum

Additive - NONE - plain

Use - Biochemistry, bile acids, hormonal tests

Question 12

Sample tubes:

Tubes - Brown

Vacutainer - Red/grey

Answer 12

Sample - Serum

Additive - Serum gel

Use - Biochemistry, Bile acids, Hormonal tests

Question 13

What should be checked on sample tubes

Answer 13

Anticoagulant to blood ratio

Expirary date

Question 14

Serum is from ____________ blood

Answer 14

CLOTTED

Question 15

Plasma is from _____________ blood

Answer 15

UNCLOTTED

Question 16

Lipaemic plasma

Answer 16

Fatty sample, shows as pinky - milky substance

could indicate liver disease or not fasted prior to sampling

Question 17

Icteric plasma

Answer 17

yellow

Increased billirubin

Question 18

Haemolitic plasma

Answer 18

Redish tinge

Abnormal colour can affect results
Blood cells lyse (break) release haemoglobin

Question 19

Storage of blood samples

Answer 19

Blood and serum can be stored in the fridge for a couple of days

Serum and plasma can be frozen indefinetly.

Question 20

Urine should ideally be collected in the ____________

as this is when it is ________________ ___________

This increases chances of ____________

Answer 20

MORNING

MOST CONCENTRATED

ABNORMALITIES

Question 21

Urine samples should be examined within ________ if unchilled or __________ if chilled

Answer 21

1 hour - unchilled

24 hours

Question 22

Urine preservatives

Boric acid - 0.5g/28ml urine

Answer 22

preserves and prevents multiplication of bacteria for upto 4 days and will preserve cells and urinary casts

Question 23

Urine preservatives

Formalin - 1-2ml : 15ml urine

Answer 23

URINE FOR SEDIMENT

Kills bacteria, alters protein, TOXIC

Question 24

Urine preservatives

Thymol - 1mg/ml urine

Answer 24

URINE FOR BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS (except glucose) or SEDIMENT

Question 25

Urine preservatives

Toluene HCL - enough to create a thin film on the sample

Answer 25

URINE FOR BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS

Question 26

FAECES COLLECTION

Equipment needed

Answer 26

Gloves

Faecal collection pot

Spatula

Question 27

If examing faeces for presence of blood, the animal needs to be feed a ________ free diet for _____ days

Answer 27

MEET FREE FOR THREE DAYS

Question 28

If examing faeces for ______ withdraw all medications, and some can float in the stool which inhibit egg count

Answer 28

WORM EGGS

Question 29

define: desiccation

Answer 29

sample drying out