blood types and transfusions Flashcards
what did James Blundell do
he was the first person to transfuse blood from one human to another in 1667
what did Jean Denis do
transfused blood from animals to humans in 1666
what did Karl Landsteiner do
discovered ABO blood groups
how are blood groups classified
based on the presence of specific antigens and antibodies
what are the 4 major types of blood groups
A - more common than B
B
AB - most rare
O - most common
what is the rarest blood group
AB
what is the most common blood group
O
is blood group A more common or blood group B
A
what determines your blood group
the synthesis of genes for the A antigen or B antigen
what do people who have neither the gene that results in the synthesis of A antigen OR B antigen
O-type erythrocytes.
what antibodies do type A people have
Type A individuals always have anti-B antibodies in their plasma.
A ANTIGEN IS CO-DOMINANT
what antibodies do type B people have
Type B individuals always have anti-A antibodies in their plasma.
B ANTIGEN IS CO-DOMINANT
what antibodies do type AB people have
neither anti-A or anti-B antibodies in their plasma,
has A + B antigens on surface of red blood cells - UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT
what antibodies do type O people have
have both anti-A & anti-B antibodies ( has no A or B antigens) in their
plasma [type O is a UNIVERSAL DONOR since don’t have A or B antigens on
surface of red blood cell]. O antigen is RECESSIVE
what antibodies do type O people have
have both anti-A & anti-B antibodies ( has no A or B antigens) in their
plasma [type O is a UNIVERSAL DONOR since don’t have A or B antigens on
surface of red blood cell]. O antigen is RECESSIVE
which blood group is regarded as the universal donor and why
O
because it does not contain any antigens
which blood group is regarded as the universal recipient and why
AB
because it does not contain any antibodies
what should you look at when focusing on the recipient
their antibody
what should you look at when focusing on the donor
their anitgen
what would happen is a type A person was transfused type B blood
1) the anti-B antibodies in the
recipients blood would attack the transfused blood
and
2) the anti-A antibodies in the
donor blood would attack the recipients blood HOWEVER this is usually of little
consequence since the the transfused antibodies become so diluted in the
recipients plasma that they are ineffective at inducing a response - it is the
destruction of the TRANSFUSED cells by the recipients antibodies that produces
problems
what are rhesus antigens
transmembrane proteins expressed at the surface of erythrocytes. They appear to be used for the transport of CO2 and/or ammonia across the plasma membrane.
what are the 5 main rhesus antigens
5 main Rh antigens on red cells – C, c, D, E, e. The most important of these is the Rh D.
why is rhesus D most important
Having the D antigen on the red cell gives you the positive (+) and lacking it gives you the negative (-) after the letter A, B, AB or O.
what does Rh+ mean
contains D-antigen, no antibodies
can receive from both Rh+ and Rh-
only donates to Rh+
