Blood Type/Surface Antigens Flashcards
What are the 2 common blood surface antigens that lead to blood transfusion complications?
ABO and Rh blood groups
What type of antibodies will a patient have if they have the following surface antigens?
A. Type A
B. Type B
C. Type AB
D. Type O
A. Anti-B
B. Anti-A
C. Nothing
D. Anti-A and Anti-B
How do antibodies form?
Dietary exposure to antigens via animal meats
Formation of RBC antibodies occur when and achieve maximum titer at what age?
- From 2-8 months after birth
- Max titer reached at 8-10 years
What is the difference between the ABO group and Rh group?
Rh group has no formation of the Anti-D antibody unless Rh- individual is exposed to Rh+ antigen via blood
What blood type is the universal donor and which is the universal receiver?
Type O blood = universal donor
Type AB blood = universal receiver
What is the difference between forward and reverse typing?
-
- forward = take patients RBCs and mix with antibodies
- Reverse = take patients plasma with antibodies and mix with RBCs
What is the difference between a type, a screen and a crossmatch test?
- type = checks for ABO, Rh groups
- screen = looks for all antibodies
- crossmatch = mix donor and recipient blood together and see what happens
What are 2 indications for RBC transfusion?
If a patient is anemic or is actively losing blood
What is an indication for platelets?
If the patient has a low platelet count
Fresh frozen plasma is indicated for who?
Someone who has coagulopathy
What is the most common type of transfusion reaction?
Febrile transfusion reaction
What is the most dangerous transfusion reaction and what is it most often caused by?
Hemolytic transfusion reaction due to ABO incompatibility
In patients with transfusion associated circulatory overload (TACO) how should the blood transfusion be administrated?
Give blood slowly and with diuretics
Most common cause of death related to blood transfusions is caused by what?
Transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI)
