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3. Conditions: Haematology > Blood Transfusion > Flashcards

Blood Transfusion Flashcards

1
Q

How are ABO groups decided?

A

ABO gene

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2
Q

What is coded for by the A gene?

A

N-acetyl-glycosaminotransferase

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3
Q

What is coded for by the B gene?

A

Galactose

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4
Q

What is the O antigen?

A

Isn’t one

It’s missing/non-functioning

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5
Q

What genes decide the Rh group?

A

RhD

RhCD

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6
Q

Which Rh gene is deleted and in what group of people?

A

RhD
Caucasians

Leads to Rh negative

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7
Q

What is the indication for a red cell transfusion?

A

Severe acute anaemia

Massive haemorrhage

Sickle cell

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8
Q

What blood is given as immediate transfusion?

A

O-

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9
Q

What should be done if blood is needed urgently but not immediately?

A

ABO and Rh status match

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10
Q

What should be done if blood is needed but not urgently?

A

Full cross match with other allo-antibodies

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11
Q

What is the indication for platelet transfusion?

A

Massive haemorrhage
Bone marrow failure
Surgery prophylaxis

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12
Q

What platelet levels should be aimed for in massive haemorrhage?

A

> 75

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13
Q

What platelet levels should be aimed for in bone marrow failure?

A

> 15

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14
Q

What platelet levels should be aimed for in minor surgery?

A

> 50

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15
Q

What platelet levels should be aimed for in major surgery?

A

> 75

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16
Q

What platelet level should be aimed for in CNS surgery?

17
Q

What is FFP and cryoprecipitate used for?

A

Restore clotting factors and other blood products

18
Q

When is FFP used?

A

DIC

Massive haemorrhage

19
Q

What is cryoprecipitate typically used to restore?

A

Fibrinogen

20
Q

What is the major haemorrhage protocol?

A 
Call 2222
State major haemorrhage
Transferred to blood bank
State major haemorrhage, patient details and blood required
Transfuse
21
Q

What is a non-threatening condition that may arise from transfusion?

22
Q

What is a fever following a transfusion called?

A

Febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction

23
Q

How should a febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction be managed?

A

Anti-pyrexial

24
Q

What may occur with a mild reaction to transfusion?

25
Q

What should be done for urticaria?

A

Give antihistamine

26
Q

What can urticaria be a prodrome for?

A

Anaphylaxis

27
Q

What are the 2 severe reactions to transfusion?

A

Dyspnoea

Shock

28
Q

What are the causes of dyspnoea in transfusion?

A

TACO
TRALI
Anaphylaxis

29
Q

Treatment of TRALI?

30
Q

Treatment of anaphylaxis?

A

Adrenaline

31
Q

What may cause shock in transfusion?

A

IBCT

Transfusion associated sepsis

32
Q

What is IBCT?

A

Incorrect blood component transfused

3. Conditions: Haematology (20 decks)

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