Blood (Trans Med, DIC, Coag) Flashcards
What is a primary hemostatic disorder?
Primary hemostatic disorders pertain to reduced platelet numbers or abnormal platelet function.
What is a secondary hemostatic disorder?
Secondary hemostatic disorders can be acquired like rodenticide toxicity or DIC, or they can be hereditary like Hemophilia.
What breed is associated with hyperfibrinolysis?
Greyhounds
What breed is associated with Von Willebrand deficiency?
Dobermans
How is the intrinsic pathway initiated in the coagulation cascade?
Through contact activation of factor XII.
Which factor is activated in the common pathway during coagulation?
Factor X
What pathway(s) does aPTT test for?
Intrinsic and common.
What pathway(s) does PT test for?
Extrinsic and common.
What are symptoms you may see that would pertain to a primary hemostatic disorder?
Petechiae, Ecchymosis, Epistaxis, Melena, and gingival bleeding.
What is the most commonly inherited thrombocytopathia in dogs?
Von Willebrands Deficiency
Which clotting factors depend on vitamin K?
Factor II, Factor VII, Factor IX, Factor X
What can cause secondary hemostatic disorders?
DIC, liver dysfunction/damage/failure, severe hypothermia, acidemia, anticoagulants.
What are the two most common in-house laboratory tests we can do to diagnose primary hemostatic disorders?
Platelet estimate, BMBT.
A prolonged PT with a normal aPTT could indicate what deficiency?
Factor VII
A prolonged aPTT with a normal PT could indicate what deficiency?
Factor VIII (Hemophilia A)
What can also cause a prolonged aPTT with a normal PT?
Synthetic colloid administration.
Which of the vitamin K dependent factors has the shortest half-life?
Factor VII
Which prothrombin time may be mild to moderately prolonged in patients with systemic inflammation, but does not necessarily indicate increased bleeding risk?
aPTT
What kind of data can viscoelastic testing provide?
Clot formation, clot strength, and rate of fibrinolysis.
How is the liver related to hemostatic function?
It’s responsible for synthesizing clotting factors, endogenous anticoagulants, and fibrinolytic proteins.
What are some examples of critically ill patients that are at greater risk of developing DIC?
Patients with SIRS, sepsis, heatstroke, poly-trauma.
How can DIC cause hypercoagulability and hypocoagulability?
It triggers systemic coagulation and results in widespread clot formation. The excessive clot formation has a consumptive effect on clotting factors and triggers excessive fibrinolysis.
Name an antifibrinolytic drug
Aminocaproic acid, tranexamic acid
Why would a platelet-rich transfusion not be recommended in an ITP patient with severe thrombocytopenia?
Because donor platelets will be destroyed just as quickly.
How many mLs of PRBCs would you need to administer to a 40kg dog to achieve a 10% rise in their PCV?
600mLs
What is the minimum body weight for dogs and cats to be blood donors?
Dogs at least 50lbs and cats at least 5kgs.
What is the minimum PCV for dogs and cats to donate blood?
40% in dog and 35% in cats.
What canine breed is associated with optimal blood donation due to their normally high PCV?
Greyhounds
Which coagulation factors begin to decrease after FFP becomes FP?
Factor VIII and factor X.
