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ANAT 516 > Blood supply to the brain > Flashcards

Blood supply to the brain Flashcards

1
Q

The brainstem is supplied with blood by a network of arteries collectively called [blank]

A

The brainstem is supplied with blood by a network of arteries collectively called the vertebral-basilar system

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2
Q

The vertebral-basilar system (which supplies blood to the brainstem) arises from the vertebral arteries, which branch off from the [blank] in the neck

A

subclavian arteries

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3
Q

The cortex and deep structures are supplied with blood from the anterior arterial system, which arises from what?

A

the internal carotid arteries

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4
Q

Where does the anterior arterial system anastamose with the posterior vertebral-basilar system?

A

At the circle of Willis

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5
Q

The circle of Willis creates collateral flow, what is the benefit of this?

A

It can be protective in the case where one part of the system becomes compromised

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6
Q

Where is the basilar artery on the below drawing of the circle of willis? What does it bifurcate to form?

A

The posterior cerebral arteries

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7
Q

On this image of the cirlce of willis, where is the posterior cerebral artery located?

A
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8
Q

On this image of the circle of willis, where are the internal carotid arteries? What are they supplied by? What do they supply

A

Supplied by the common carotid arteries

Supply the middle cerebral arteries and anterior cerebral arteries

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9
Q

On this image of the circle of willis, where is the middle cerebral artery?

A
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10
Q

On this image of the circle of willis, where is the anterior cerebral artery?

A
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11
Q

The anterior system joins up with the vertebral-basilar system through the posterior communicating arteries, forming the beginning of the circle of Willis. Where is the posterior communicating artery on this image?

A
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12
Q

Locate the circle of Willis on this image.

A
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13
Q

Where is the anterior communicating artery located?

A
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14
Q

The posterior cerebral arteries curve around the midbrain on their way to the cortex - where are they located on this image?

A
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16
Q

Deep PCA branches also supply where?

A

The thalamus

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25
Q

At the cortex, what is the perfusion territory of the posterior cerebral arteries?

A
  1. The medial surface of the occipital and temporal lobes
  2. The inferior and medial parts of the temporal lobe
  3. Portions of the lateral temporal and occipital lobes
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27
Q

The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is the direct branch from what?

A

The internal carotid artery

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28
Q

The middle cerebral artery (MCA) generally bifurcates into two divisions; however…

A

this is highly variable and as many as four MCA divisions are possible

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29
Q

The middle cerebral artery (MCA) divisions form [blank] as they travel over the [blank] and then exit the lateral fissure and pass onto the lateral surface of the cortex.

A

The middle cerebral artery (MCA) divisions form loops as they travel over the insula and then exit the lateral fissure and pass onto the lateral surface of the cortex.

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30
Q

As the middle cerebral artery exits the lateral fissure, the superior division supplies portions of the [blank] and [blank] cortex located about the fissure; while the inferior division supplies portions of the [blank] and [blank] cortex located below the fissure

A

As the middle cerebral artery exits the lateral fissure, the superior division supplies portions of the frontal and parietal cortex located about the fissure; while the inferior division supplies portions of the temporal and parietal cortex located below the fissure

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31
Q

What are the deep branches of the middle cerebral artery known as? What do they supply?

A

Lenticulostriate arteries

They supply large regions of the basal ganglia and internal capsule

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32
Q

The two anterior cerebral arteries anatmose anteriorly at [blank]

A

the anterior communicating cartery

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33
Q

What is the perfusion territory of the anterior cerebral artery?

A
  1. The ACA supplies most of the cortex on the medial surface of the frontal and parietal lobes
  2. The ACA also supplies cortex on the inferior surface of the frontal lobe
  3. End branches of the ACA supply 1-2 cm of cortex on the lateral surface of the frontal and parietal lobes
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34
Q
A
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35
Q

The brainstem is supplied with blood by a network of arteries collectively called [blank]

A

The brainstem is supplied with blood by a network of arteries collectively called the vertebral-basilar system

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
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36
Q

The vertebral-basilar system (which supplies blood to the brainstem) arises from the vertebral arteries, which branch off from the [blank] in the neck

A

subclavian arteries

How well did you know this?
1
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37
Q

The cortex and deep structures are supplied with blood from the anterior arterial system, which arises from what?

A

the internal carotid arteries

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38
Q

Where does the anterior arterial system anastamose with the posterior vertebral-basilar system?

A

At the circle of Willis

How well did you know this?
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39
Q

The circle of Willis creates collateral flow, what is the benefit of this?

A

It can be protective in the case where one part of the system becomes compromised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Where is the basilar artery on the below drawing of the circle of willis? What does it bifurcate to form?

A

The posterior cerebral arteries

How well did you know this?
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41
Q

On this image of the cirlce of willis, where is the posterior cerebral artery located?

A
42
Q

On this image of the circle of willis, where are the internal carotid arteries? What are they supplied by? What do they supply

A

Supplied by the common carotid arteries

Supply the middle cerebral arteries and anterior cerebral arteries

43
Q

On this image of the circle of willis, where is the middle cerebral artery?

A
44
Q

On this image of the circle of willis, where is the anterior cerebral artery?

A
45
Q

The anterior system joins up with the vertebral-basilar system through the posterior communicating arteries, forming the beginning of the circle of Willis. Where is the posterior communicating artery on this image?

A
46
Q

Locate the circle of Willis on this image.

A
47
Q

Where is the anterior communicating artery located?

A
48
Q

The posterior cerebral arteries curve around the midbrain on their way to the cortex - where are they located on this image?

A
50
Q

Deep PCA branches also supply where?

A

The thalamus

59
Q

At the cortex, what is the perfusion territory of the posterior cerebral arteries?

A
  1. The medial surface of the occipital and temporal lobes
  2. The inferior and medial parts of the temporal lobe
  3. Portions of the lateral temporal and occipital lobes
61
Q

The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is the direct branch from what?

A

The internal carotid artery

62
Q

The middle cerebral artery (MCA) generally bifurcates into two divisions; however…

A

this is highly variable and as many as four MCA divisions are possible

63
Q

The middle cerebral artery (MCA) divisions form [blank] as they travel over the [blank] and then exit the lateral fissure and pass onto the lateral surface of the cortex.

A

The middle cerebral artery (MCA) divisions form loops as they travel over the insula and then exit the lateral fissure and pass onto the lateral surface of the cortex.

64
Q

As the middle cerebral artery exits the lateral fissure, the superior division supplies portions of the [blank] and [blank] cortex located about the fissure; while the inferior division supplies portions of the [blank] and [blank] cortex located below the fissure

A

As the middle cerebral artery exits the lateral fissure, the superior division supplies portions of the frontal and parietal cortex located about the fissure; while the inferior division supplies portions of the temporal and parietal cortex located below the fissure

65
Q

What are the deep branches of the middle cerebral artery known as? What do they supply?

A

Lenticulostriate arteries

They supply large regions of the basal ganglia and internal capsule

66
Q

The two anterior cerebral arteries anatmose anteriorly at [blank]

A

the anterior communicating cartery

67
Q

What is the perfusion territory of the anterior cerebral artery?

A
  1. The ACA supplies most of the cortex on the medial surface of the frontal and parietal lobes
  2. The ACA also supplies cortex on the inferior surface of the frontal lobe
  3. End branches of the ACA supply 1-2 cm of cortex on the lateral surface of the frontal and parietal lobes
68
Q

What is an important branch off the internal carotid artery?

What is their profusion territory?

A

Anterior choroidal arteries

Their perfusion territory includes deep structures located in the temporal and occupital lobes. This includes portions of the:

  1. globus pallidus
  2. putamen
  3. tail of the caudate nucleus
  4. posterior limb of the internal capsule
  5. hippocampus
69
Q

What is a watershed area?

A

The arteries supplying the forebrain are end arteries, and there is very little overlap between perfusion territories. The area where two perfusion territories come together is termed a watershed area.

70
Q

Identify which vessel perfuses each of the highlighted areas of cortex.

A

1 = anterior cerebral artery

2 = posterior cerebral artery

3 = middle cerebral artery

71
Q

Which vessel perfuses at each number on the cortex?

A

1 = anterior cerebral artery

2 = posterior cerebral artery

3 = middle cerebral artery

72
Q

Which vessel is associated with which number on this inferior view of the cortex?

A

1 = anterior cerebral artery

2 = posterior cerebral artery

3 = middle cerebral artery

73
Q

What are the seven vessels that are part of the vertebral-basilar system?

A
  1. Anterior inferior cerebellar arteries (AICAs)
  2. Anterior spinal artery
  3. basilar artery
  4. posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (PICAs)
  5. posterior spinal arteries
  6. superior cerebellar arteries
  7. vertebral arteries
74
Q

The anterior inferior cerebellar arteries (AICAs) are part of the vertebral-basilar system. Where are they on this image?

A
75
Q

The anterior inferior cerebellar arteries (AICAs) are part of the vertebral-basilar system. Where are they on this image?

A
76
Q

The anterior spinal artery are part of the vertebral-basilar system. Where are they on this image?

A
77
Q

The basilar artery is part of the vertebral-basilar system. Where are they on this image?

A
78
Q

The posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (PICAs) are part of the vertebral-basilar system. Where are they on this image?

A
79
Q

The posterior spinal arteries are part of the vertebral-basilar system. Where are they on this image?

A
80
Q

The superior cerebellar arteries are part of the vertebral-basilar system. Where are they on this image?

A
81
Q

The vertebral arteries are part of the vertebral-basilar system. Where are they on this image?

A
82
Q

The anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) are part of the vertebral-basilar system. Where are they on this image?

A
83
Q

The anterior spinal artery are part of the vertebral-basilar system. Where are they on this image?

A
84
Q

The basilar artery is part of the vertebral-basilar system. Where are they on this image?

A
85
Q

The superior cerebellar artery is part of the vertebral-basilar system. Where are is it on this image?

A
86
Q

The vertebral artery is part of the vertebral-basilar system. Where are is it on this image? What do they supply? Where do they arise from?

A

They supply portions of the caudal and rostral medulla. They arise from the subclavian arteries

87
Q

The vertebral arteries join at the pontomedullary junction, forming what?

A

The singular basilar artery

88
Q

The vertebral arteries give rise to which three arteries?

A
  1. Posterior spinal arteries
  2. Anterior spinal artery
  3. Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (PICAs)
89
Q

Where does the anterior spinal artery enter the spinal cord? What part of the spinal cord does it serve?

A

Branches join to form a singular artery that descends along the anterior median fissure and supplies the anterior 2/3 of each half of the spinal cord.

90
Q

What part of the spinal cord do the posterior spinal arteries serve?

A

The posterior 1/3 of each half of the spinal cord

91
Q

Where do posterior inferior cerebellar arteries arise (PICAs)? Where do they supply?

A

Arise inferior to the origin of the basilar artery

They curve around the brainstem, supplying the lateral medulla on their way to the cerebellum

92
Q

What supplies blood to each coloured area of the spinal cord?

A
93
Q

What supplies blood to each coloured area of the caudal medulla?

A
94
Q

What supplies blood to each coloured area of the rostral medulla?

A
95
Q

Where does the basilar artery travel? What does it supply?

A

The basilar artery ascends along the interior surface of the pons and supplies, along with its branches, most of the pons

96
Q

The basilar artery gives off two important pairs of arteries, what are they?

A
  1. Superior cerebellar arteries (supply portions of the cerebellum)
  2. Anterior inferior cerebellar arteries (AICAs) (supply a small portion of the caudal pons and the middle cerebellar peduncles on their way to the cerebellum)
97
Q

Which portion of the cerebellum is supplied by:

  1. the anterior inferior cerebellar arteries
  2. the posterior inferior cerebellar arteries
  3. the superior cerebellar arteries
A

ANAT 516 (12 decks)

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