blood supply of abdomen and GI tract

Question 1

where does the abdominal aorta begin?

Answer 1

T12

Question 2

wheres doe the abdominal aorta terminate? + what happens here

Answer 2

L4- birfucates into the right and left common iliac arteries

Question 3

branches of the aorta + what they supply and at what level

Answer 3

inferior phrenic arteries- T12- diaphragm

coeliac artery- large unpaired visceral artery arising anteriorly at T12- supplies liver, stomach, oesophagus, spleen, superior duodenum and superior pancreas

superior mesenteric artery- large unpaired- lower L1- distal duodenum, jejunoileum, ascending colon, part of transverse

middle suprarenal- L1- adrenal glands

renal arteries- L1/L2- kidneys

gonadal arteries- L2- testicles/ovaris

inferior mesenteric- large, unpaired- L3- large intestine from splenic flexure to upper part of rectum

median sacral artery- unpaired- L4- coccyx, lumbar vertebrae and sacrum

lumbar arteries- four pairs, L1-L4- abdominal wall and spinal cord

Question 4

midline arteries

Answer 4

coeliac trunk, superior mesenteric artery and inferior mesenteric artery

Question 5

what do the midline arteries supply?

Answer 5

alimentary tract and their derivatives

Question 6

what does the coeliac trunk give rise to?

Answer 6

left gastric, splenic and common hepatic arteries

Question 7

what does the coeliac trunk supply?

Answer 7

foregut

Question 8

what does the superior mesenteric artery give rise to?

Answer 8

inferior pancreaticoduodenal, jejunal, ileal, right and middle colic arteries

Question 9

what does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

Answer 9

midgut

Question 10

what does the inferior mesenteric artery give rise to?

Answer 10

left colic, sigmoid and superior rectal branches

Question 11

what does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

Answer 11

hindgut

Question 12

what do the paired lateral arteries supply?

Answer 12

derivatives of mesoderm- kidneys, adrenals, gonads

Question 13

what supplies the body wall?

Answer 13

the 4 paired lumbar arteries

Question 14

foregut

Answer 14

from abdominal oesophagus to major papillae on duodenum

Question 15

midgut

Answer 15

from major papillae to splenic flexure

Question 16

hindgut

Answer 16

splenic flexure to rectoanal junction

Question 17

important artery in the colon

Answer 17

marginal artery of the colon, marginal artery of Drummond

Question 18

what is the marginal artery of drummond?

Answer 18

connects the inferior mesenteric artery with the superior mesenteric artery

Question 19

what is the marginal artery?

Answer 19

an anastamoses

Question 20

anastamoses definition

Answer 20

connection between two blood vessels, provide a back up route to flow in case there is a blockage

Question 21

another important anastamosis in the gut

Answer 21

arterial arcades

Question 22

arterial arcade location

Answer 22

series of anastomosing arterial arches between the arterial branches of the jejunum and ileum

Question 23

difference between arcades in jejunum and ileum

Answer 23

fewer in jejunum than in ileum

terminal branches longer in jejunum than ileum

Question 24

where does the hepatic portal vein carry blood from?

Answer 24

GI tract, gall bladder, pancreas, spleen

Question 25

what forms the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 25

splenic vein, superior mesenteric vein and inferior mesenteric vein

Question 26

sites of portal-systemic anastamoses

Answer 26

1. lower end of oesophagus, left gastricc vein connect with oesophageal tributaries of the azygos or accessory hemiazygos
2. wall of anal canal
3. umbilicus
4. in sites where viscera are in contact with abdominal wall, such as the retroperitoneal areas of the colon