Abdominal Organs Flashcards
liver location
right upper quadrant
right hypochondrium and partially epigastric, can extend into the left hypochondrium
liver function
synthesis of bile
glycogen storage
clotting factor production
two liver surfaces
diaphragmatic and visceral
diaphragmatic surface explained
anterosuperior surface of the liver
fits snuggly beneath the curvature of the diaphragm
posterior aspect is not covered by visceral peritoneum, known as the bare area of the liver
visceral surface explained
posteroinferior surface of the liver
covered with peritoneum, apart from the fossa of the gall bladder and porta hepatis
lies in contact with the right kidney, right adrenal gland, right colic flexure, transverse colon, first part of duodenum, gallbladder, oesphagus and the stomach
lobes of the liver
right and left lobe
right lobe split into the quadrate and caudate
what is the porta hepatis?
transverse fissure
hilum of the liver, containing the hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein and common bile gut, nerves and lymphatic nodes
what does the porta hepatis separate?
the caudate from the quadrate lobe
liver dual blood supply blood vessels
hepatic artery proper and hepatic portal vein
what does the hepatic artery carry + origin?
supplies non-parenchymal structures of the liver with arterial blood
derived from coeliac trunk
explain hepatic portal vein
supplies liver with partially deoxygenated blood, carrying nutrients absorbed from the small intestine
dominant blood supply
hepatic portal vein function
carry nutrients absorbed from the small intestine
allows liver to detoxify blood
explain hepatic artery origin
common hepatic artery from coeliac trunk
arrives retropertioneally to the duodenum
gives off the right gastric and gastroduodenal arteries
then continues as the hepatic artery proper
enters the mesentery of the duodenum then curves upwards between two layers of the lesser omentum with the bile duct and hepatic portal vein
blood supply within liver
hepatic artery splits into two, to supply both lobes
each eight functionally separate divisions receive their own branch of hepatic artery, portal vein and hepatic vein
where does the blood come from in the hepatic portal vein?
confluence of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins, inferior mesenteric, right and left gastric veins and cystic veins
percentage of blood from each blood supply
80% portal vein
20% hepatic artery
where does the hepatic portal vein drain into?
capillary system, hepatic sinusoids of the liver
venous drainage of the liver explained
hepatic veins
formed from central veins in the liver
normally three hepatic veins that then drain into the inferior vena cava
explain the portal-systemic venous anastomoses
sites within the GI system where venous blood from viscera drain into systemic circulation, as well as the portal system.
function of portal systemic venous anastomoses
normally shut but when there is an obstruction of the hepatic portal vein, they open
how many anastomoses?
4
what vessels are not present in the porta hepatis?
the hepatic veins
peritoneal attachments of the liver
falciform ligament and lesser omentum
explain the structure of the falciform ligament and liver
formed of double layer of peritoneum
attaches anterior surface of the liver to the anterior abdominal wall
forms a natural anatomical division between the right and left lobes of the liver
explain the lesser omentum
forms the hepatoduodenal ligament
structure that contains the liver and stomach
what does the hepatoduodenal ligament contain?
common bile duct, hepatic artery proper and hepatic portal vein
where does bile collect?
bile canaliculi
exit of bile from liver?
small ducts unite to form larger ducts
form the left or right hepatic ducts
two ducts converge to form the common hepatic duct
how does the gall bladder join to the common hepatic duct?
cystic duct from gall bladder connects to the common hepatic duct
form the common bile duct
passage of common bile duct
descends and passes posteriorly to the first part of the duodenum and head of pancreas
joints with the main pancreatic duct to form the ampulla of Vater
empties into the duodenum via the major duodenal papilla
what regulates the major duodenal papilla?
the sphincter of Oddi
gall bladder function
stores bile
pancreas location
upper abdomen
epigastrium and left hypochondrium
direct anatomical relations of pancreas
posterior to stomach and pylorus lie (separated by lesser sac)
duodenum- C shape outlines the head of pancreas, first part of duodenum lies anteriorly, second part (including ampulla of Vater lies laterally to the right pancreatic head
lies posterior to transverse mesocolon
common bile duct behind head of pancreas before opening into the major duodenal papilla
spleen located posteriorly and laterally
aorta and inferior vena cava lie posteriorly to the head of pancreas
lies in front of kidneys
five parts of pancreas
head, uncinate process, neck, body and tail
head shape and location
widest part of pancreas
lies within C-shaped curve created by duodenum
uncinate process shape and location
projection beneath body of pancreas
lies posterior to superior mesenteric vessels
neck shape and location
between head and body of pancreas
overlies the superior mesenteric vessels which form a groove on posterior aspect
body shape and location
centrally located, lies behind stomach and to the left of the superior mesenteric vessels
tail shape and location
left end of the pancreas
close to hilum of the spleen
is the pancreas retro or intraperitoneal?
retroperitoneal apart from the tail
secondarily retroperitoneal
functions of the pancreas
exocrine- produce digestive enzymes, deposit into the small intestine
endocrine- hormones
explain duct system
acini cells connected by short intercalated ducts
intercalated ducts of adjacent lobules for intralobular collecting ducts
intralobular collecting ducts form the main pancreatic duct
main pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater
empties into the duodenum via the major duodenal papilla
arterial blood supply
pancreatic branches of splenic artery
head also supplied by superior and inferior pancreaticduodenal arteries, from the coeliac trunk and superior mesenteric arteries respectively
explain this blood supply
pancreas develops at the boundary between the midgut and foregut, hence its supply originates from both the superior mesenteric artery and the coeliac trunk
