Blood Supply, Meninges, & Spinal Fluid

Question 1

What makes up the Meninges?

Answer 1

Pia, Arachnoid, & Dura…known as PAD…it covers the entire CNS, including the spinal chord and optic nerve

Question 2

The 2 major arteries supplying blood to the brain are…

Answer 2

The internal carotid artery and vertebral artery

Question 3

The internal carotid artery splits into…and supplies…

Answer 3

The anterior cerebral artery (supplies the front area) & middle cerebral artery

Question 4

The vertebral artery splits into…

Answer 4

The basilar artery (at the level of the pons) & posterior cerebral artery

Question 5

Cerebellum major arteries….

Answer 5

Superior cerebellar artery, anterior inferior cerebellar artery, and posterior inferior cerebellar artery…These supply cerebellum and part of the brainstem

Question 6

Effects of an occlusion to the anterior cerebral artery

Answer 6

Loss of strength and sensation in lower part of the body

Question 7

Effects of an occlusion to the middle cerebral artery

Answer 7

Loss of strength and sensation in upper part of the body

Question 8

Describe the Pia

Answer 8

thin and vascular & hugs the brain

Question 9

Describe the Arachnoid

Answer 9

Between the pia and dura…and avascular

Question 10

Describe the Dura

Answer 10

Lies against the bone…thick and durable..double layer of connective tissue

Question 11

Name the 3 major sinuses

Answer 11

Sagittal Sinus…Cavernous Sinus….Transverse Sinus

Question 12

Sagittal Sinus

Answer 12

Spinal fluid drains into this sinus

Question 13

Cavernous Sinus

Answer 13

Venous blood from eyes drain into this…potential entry point for many infections…sometimes carotid artery breaks open into this sinus causing blood to back up and the eye protruding with dilated blood vessels

Question 14

Transverse Sinus

Answer 14

Runs by the ear…implicated in inner ear infections

Question 15

Order of CSF flow

Answer 15

1) From the two lateral ventricles
2) Through the two interventricular foramina (holes)
3) Into the single mid-line third ventricle
4) Through single mid-line aqueduct of Sylvius
5) Into single mid-line fourth ventricle, which has three exits
a) Middle foramen of Magendie
b) (two) Lateral foramena of Luschka
6) Enters the subarachnoid space
7) Exits into the superior sagittal sinus

Question 16

An obstruction of CSF pathway at any point can…

Answer 16

Cause dilation (expansion) of the two lateral ventricles, termed hydrocephalus

Question 17

Circle/Region of Willis

Answer 17

Sections primarily responsible for supplying blood to the brain and surrounding structures

Question 18

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Answer 18

Leakage from an aneurysm in the Willis region…severe headache or backache (seepage of blood down spinal cord regions))

Question 19

Epidural Hemorrhage

Answer 19

Blood collection between dura and bone, which tears arteries, forming a groove in the cranial bone…usually result of a skull fracture

Question 20

Occlusion

Answer 20

Blockage or closing of a blood vessel

Question 21

Aneurysm

Answer 21

excessive localized enlargement of an artery caused by a weakening of the artery wall

Question 22

Hemorrhage

Answer 22

an escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel, especially when profuse