Blood Service Flashcards
How many New Zealanders will need a blood transfusion during their lifetime
80%
How many New Zealanders donate blood?
4%
How long does it take to donate 470mL whole blood, and what percentage is it?
15 minutes
> > 55% plasma (260mL)
1% platelets/white cells (5mL)
44% red cells (205mL)
How many units of blood is administered?
476 donated units administered
Who needs blood?
Unwell Child & Aged Care
Long COVID
Trauma Cases
Elective Surgery
Cancer Patients
Emergency Surgery
Congenital Conditions
Solid Organ & Marrow Transplant
Chronic Illness
Obstetric Bleeds
Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn
Whats the Maximum Average Blood Volumes for a premature neonate?
95ml/kg
Whats the Maximum Average Blood Volumes for a Full-term neonate?
85mL/kg
Whats the Maximum Average Blood Volumes for a Infant?
80mL/kg
Whats the Maximum Average Blood Volumes for an adult?
Average 70mL/kg
Men 75mL/kg
women 65mL/kg
What are the 45% formed elements (RBC) in blood
Cells (erythrocytes (RBC), leucocytes (WBC) and cell fragments (thrombocytes)
What are the 55% blood plasma in blood
liquid containing dissolved substances
What is the main purpose of erythrocytes?
- Primary purpose is the transportation of oxygen to cells and removal of some CO2
- Oxygen carrying capacity depends on level of haemoglobin
- Ref range: 130-175g/L (Awanui Dunedin)
- Male: 140-165g/L
- Female: 120-150g/L
What is the main purpose of Leucocytes?
Two types:
* granulocytes (neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil)
- agranulocytes (lymphocytes, monocytes)
What is the main purpose of Thrombocytes (Platelets)?
- Not strictly a cell but a fragment of a megakaryocyte
- Production stimulated by hormone thrombopoietin
- Primary purpose is haemostasis (the plug) to prevent and stop bleeding
- Ref range 150-400
- Lifespan of 5 - 10 days
Before giving blood
You need
* Valid group & screen
* Prescription
* Informed Consent
* Patent vascular access
* Equipment
* Baseline Obs
* Documentation
* Two certified staff
Check radial pulse, do not want to give blood to someone with AF
Why do you need to test someones blood before transfusion?
To ensure that the donated blood is compatible with the patient’s blood
- Blood type
- Cross-matching (ABO and Rh D antigens)
- Patient identification
- SCREEN: For red cell antibodies
(pink tube)
What must blood samples require
Samples require:
* patient identifiers (first and last name, DOB, NHI)
- Collector completed the date/time/sign
What is the final must do after texting someone blood for transfusion?
Must sign the mandatory declaration stating they
- Collected the sample
- Confirmed identity
- Labeled and sampled the tubes
What does no group and screen
mean?
A valid group and screen enables the release of crossmatched red cells
Only O neg blood
What must happen before infusion?
Informed Consent
Prescribed
Equipment gathered
Whats in a blood transfusion set?
Dedicated Blood Infusion Set
*includes 170 – 260 micron filter
*CRITICAL: ensure the set is not vented
New (un-used) set at start, down at end.
Maximum dwell time: 12 hourly
* Average: 2-4 units
* & Rapid: 8-10 units
Administer platelets via a fresh set .
What do Blood Filters (= sieve) do?
Enable good stuff to go through
Red cells
Platelets
FFP
Cryo
Granulocytes
While trapping waste
What to prime the line with?
Prime with normal saline
* to keep vein open
* preserve cannula integrity
*Do NOT vent
If you elect to prime the set with blood,
* it cannot occur until after the bedside checks
When do you need to take obs before and infusion
Baseline Observations up to 60 minutes prior
TPR/BP
