Blood Sciences Flashcards
What is the differenve between routine and specialised biochemistry
Routine
-U&E, LFT, bone profiles, glucose, CRP, TFT, troponin, HCG, HbA1c, therapeutic drug monitoring
Specialised
-protein electrophoresis, AA, organic acids, trace metals, toxicology
What is the difference between routine and specialised haematology
Routine
-FBC, blood film
Specialist
- Flow cytometry (markers for leukemia)
- Abnormalities in Hb
What tests would you have to do before a blood transfusion
-what blood products can you issue
Group and Screen
-blood group and AB identification
Crossmatching
-matching recipient and donor blood
Can issue red cells, platelets, plasma
What is the difference between a serum and plasm
Serum - blood allowed to clot to remove fibrinogen
Plasma - tubes contain anticoagulant so fibronogen is still present
What is the order of blood draw
Why is this important
White - blood cultures
Light blue - sodium citrate for coagulation studies to prevent cross contamination from anticoagulants from other plasma bottles
Gold - biochemistry
Green - karyotyping, Hb issues
Dark blue - trace elements
Purple - FBC, HbA1c
Pink - blood group, crossmatching
Grey - glucose, alcohol
What causes
- neutrophilia
- neutropenia
Neutrophilia
- Bacterial infection
- Cancer
- Steroids
- Pregnancy
Neutropenia
- Drugs
- Bone marrow failure
- Severe bacterial infection
- Viral infection
What causes
-eosinophilia
Allergy, parasitic disease
Vasculitis (EGPA)
Cancer
What causes
-monocytosis
Chronic Bacterial Infection (TB, endocarditis)
Hodgkins Lymphoma
What causes
- lymphocytosis
- lymphopenia
Lymphocytosis
- Viral infection (rubella, mumps, hepatitis, CMV)
- CLL
- Non Hodgkins Lymphoma
Lymphopenia
- Bone Marrow Failure
- Stress
- Steroids
- Low Zn
What causes thrombocytosis
Inflammation
Blood disorders
Spleen issues
What results in a raised
- CRP
- ESR
CRP
-anything that causes inflammation
ESR
- Pregnancy
- Myeloma
- RA
- SLE
